Folklore in the Movies: An Analysis of Willow :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Folklore in the Movies An Analysis of willow My research for this report began when I read Joseph Campbells article Departure in which he discusses folklore he outlines the course of action that a hero takes in an adventure. He describes the five steps the hero takes as the call to adventure, the refusal of the adventure, use of superhuman aid, crossing of the first threshold, and the belly of the whale. After reading Campbells criteria of an adventure, I decided to choose a movie and see how it ties into Campbells outline of an adventure. The movie I chose was Willow and in this report I will note how it complies with Campbells outline. Upon finishing Willow I was satisfactory to confirm that it did indeed fall into the five criteria in Campbells article. In Willow Queen Bavmorda seeks control of the world, and she knows that an infant will be born with a mark on its arm and this infant will be able to stop her from gaining power. Therefore, she inspects every child that is born u pon discovering the child with the mark, she will promptly have it killed. One day Willows children Ranon and Mims find a bobble while acting in the river. This child happens to bear the mark for which Queen Bavmorda is searching. The children take the baby to their father. Willow takes the baby to the High Aldwin, and he tells Willow that the safety of the city depends on him and that the baby must be taken across the great river to the Dakini crossroads. This is Willows call to adventure it is a blunder of the merest chance, and Willow is thrust into a affinity with forces that are not rightly understood (Campbell 1). As Campbell expresses in his article and as is apparent in most adventure movies, Willow is not entirely convinced and willing to go on this trip to take the baby back to its homeland. Ranon reminds him of the dangers he may encounter on his way to returning the baby such as fairies, brownies, dragons, and trolls. Willow gets upset at Ranon for mentioning trolls because he knows how much he fears them. Willow is also reluctant to leave his wife and children. Kaiya reminds him that they have neer been apart before, and it is apparent that Willow is experiencing feelings of guilt.

False Hope in King Lear :: King Lear essays

False Hope in King Lear Throughout Shakespe bes King Lear, there is a sense of renewal, or as L.C. Knights puts it, affirmation in spite of everything, in the play. These affirmative actions are vividly seen throughout the play that is highly infused with evil, immorality and perverted values. These glimpses of hope seem to go forth the reader with an underlying notion of human goodness that remains present, throughout the lurking presence of immorality and a lack of values. However, in the end it is questionable if these are true revelations, and if the affirmative notions are undermined, and thus less significant than the evil in which they are engulfed. In Act I Scene I, the first inkling of hope is revealed in the play at a time of madness, corruption and despair. In this scene, King Lear has created an environment of competition that promotes false flattery, among many other things as he divides his kingdom in relation to the amount of love his daughters profes s to him. King Lear in his willfulness and arrogance does not see the error that he makes in equating love with reward, in this competitive environment. Cordelia is the only one of the three sisters who cannot fully participate in the competition to gain her fathers inheritance by engaging in false flattery. Instead of trying to out due her sisters, she merely describes her love in relation to their filial bond. Although her father views this as a degrading insult and banishes her, it is shown that through her filial bond, she loves her father with more depth and sincerity than her eager, self absorbed sisters. Cordelia emerges amid the moral depravity and social decay as one who is honest and true to her beliefs. In banishing his daughter Cordelia from the kingdom and taking away her inheritance, King Lear is destroying the natural order of society. She is left abandoned by some(prenominal) her father and her presumed suitor, Burgundy. Yet Shakespeare rewards Cordel ias noble character with another suitor, the King of France. Despite all that has occurred in relation to being left destitute and friendless, France gladly accepts the alienated Cordelia as his bride to be and applauds her

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Essay examples -- Literary An

In her short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, Joyce Carol Oates presents us with a well known maxim children cannot wait to get older. timeworn of her boring and powerless childhood, Connie, the main character, searches for cheap thrills she likens to adulthood. Thus, Connies surreal experience (Arnold Friends sudden and unwanted appearance in his car) represents a inhibit fear of the inevitable and unknown - growing up.Connie, a stereotypical fifteen year old girl, views her life and her family with dissatisfaction. Jealous around her twenty-four year old sister, June, scorn Junes outward plainness, and tense around her irksome mother, Connie escapes to the mall with her friends. She and her clique of friends feel like they own the place, and the rest of the world Everything about her had cardinal sides to it, whiz for home and one for anywhere that was not home (1-2). The sense of freedom intoxicates them. Sometimes, they sneak across the street to a dri ve-in restaurant. Crossing from one world to the next, they leave the well known layout of the mall and adopt the turf of the older kids. They went up through the maze of parked and cruising cars to the bright-lit, fly-infested restaurant, their faces pleased and expectant as if they were entering a sacred building that loomed up out of the night to give them what haven and blessing they yearned for (2).Here, they rid themselves of average, familial and school-age problems and bask in the annulus of teenagerdom, drinking from their Holy Grail of liberty. Here, listening to the music that made everything so good (2), they finally taste the maturity they yearn for.However, growing up a good deal comes too quickly. A boy, Eddie, soon arr... ...ate. As the last lines of the story suggest, despite her terror through the piece, she is finally forced to accept her future the vast light reaches of the land behind him and on all sides of him - so much land that Connie had never see n before and did not recognize except to know that she was going to it (9). later spending so much time acting more grown up than she actually was, she now must face the truth of growing up, despite her trepidation, like all children.With complex themes and multifaceted symbols, Oates presents a girl so eager to grow up, but not yet ready to face what that rattling entails. Arnold Friend represents the bare actuality many children ignore when looking at the far unlit unknown of adulthood and growing up. In essence, this story acts as a way to warn be careful what you wish for and lifes not all its cracked up to be.

rasputin Essay -- essays research papers

Rasputin The Saint Who Sinned      Its good to know that if I act strangely enough, society will take full responsibility for me." Ashleigh Brilliant may afford subconsciously considered the effect that society has on us all and how wound up we can all get into our lives, our beliefs, and maybe even our visions. Our visions are the intimately important thing to all of us and one day may get us into the to the highest degree excellent position or the most dire position. We always chose to weigh what we want to believe no matter what the public tells us. Perhaps they wrapped Grigorii Yefemovich Rasputin up in life and society when he claimed to involve a vision of Virgin Mary. At that point he was placed in a most excellent position, but remember we see and chose to believe only what we wish. From that one of the most mysterious and unusual life and death stories ever lived were of Grigorii Yefemovich Rasputin. The greatest events in this mans life can be found in his betimes life, the Russian influence he achieved, and the unnatural death that has boggled the minds of many learned scholars.      The early life of any child can be and is most of the time the most influential time of a childs life. The life of the parents is, in that way, important to many. Someone can find passages into the life of the mysterious child. The parents of Grigorii Rasputin are of no exception. They have been apart of their childrens lives. The mother of troika, Anne Egorovna, took on the task of keeping together the home. The local custom was for the man to tend to the wheat crop and nothing more, and they did, in fact, follow local custom. The house, however, was not that of a wealthy peasant, having only one story. The father of Rasputin, Efimii or Evimii Andreevich, came to Siberia from Saratov, where he had trouble with the law. He was a carter working for the nominate, and he had passed out dead drunk by his horse on the way back from a fair, only to find that when he awoke someone had stolen the horse. They imprisoned him for losing state property (the horse). He served his term and moved east to Pokrovskoe. He established there and stopped drinking, won neighbors respect and married Anne. The two newlyweds bore three children, two boys and one girl, one of which was Rasputin. Grigorii was born on July 10, 1869 in the village of Pokrovsko... ...er and cause of death was drowning. According to an anonymous source, "Some would say that they had seen Rasputin leaving the metropolis . . . of course none of this could be proven but it adds interesting spice to the story of a less than priestly priest whose healing powers seemed equaled by his appear immortality. The part Rasputin played in Russian history has little to do with facts it comes from the tangled mass of hearsay and innuendo in which he was wrapped. It was not so much what Rasputin did but what he was rumored to do that mattered in history . In this respect he was, literally, a legend in his own time. The legend was known to the total of Russia, the man to very few. Even the manner of his death was legendary, nor do the legends end with his death. Grigorii Yefimovich Rasputin lead one of the unusual and mysterious life and death stories ever lived. The early life, the Russian influence he gained, and the death of this amazing man all contribute to his legend. Many believed Rasputin was mad, but he was not mad he was a man of spiritual healing in an unknown form. Aristotle sums it up best in saying, "There was never a genius without a tincture of madness."

The Characteristics of Adolescents Essay -- Papers Young Adults Teenag

The Characteristics of Adolescents Works Cited Not Included Adolescence, the period of life between childhood and maturity, may be regarded as one of the intimately crucial stages through which the human individual passes in his journey from conception to death. For many, it is seen as the key stage in development. Changes in physique and the maturation of the generative system bring with them associated changes in emotions and the whole pattern of psychological characteristics is restructured as the individual strives to attain a sense of identity. Development in intellectual surgery provides the adolescent with the ability to question himself, his family, his world, and his values (Garrod, Smulyan, Powers, and Kilkenny, 1992). Adolescents begin to develop principles- not necessarily those that adults would like to ca-ca them develop- but nevertheless principles of conduct. They are deeply influenced by what is done among their peers or among people s lightly older than themselves, whom they respect. Adolescents tend to revolt against any(prenominal) code of morals may be in vogue in their corner of the world, and they can become completely obsessed by almost any moral paradox. They are normally prejudiced and uncompromising in whatever attitude they adopt. This stage of growth is a difficult one for them and for everyone else, but perhaps it is necessary as a step from the unthinking acceptance of childhood to the independent thinking of an adult. During this period, the adolescent is an unreasonable creature. He does a good deal of hard thinking, accompanied by endless hours of talking with his peers, about his philosophical system of life. Int... ...cult to engage in discussions about problems that affect them, and less likely to respond on a feeling level than young women. Being the mother of 2 children, aged twenty-one and nineteen years of age, I am aware of how a youths characteristics would impact on our session. I have never had a problem dealing with adolescents, as I am consistently interacting with teenagers on a regular basis. Therefore, I am familiar with the problems that might be addressed during therapy such as the fear of disclosure, inability to see problem behaviours, and their view that counselling is punitive. As a result, I would use various micro skills that I have acquired over numerous years to make sure the counselling environment was as comfortable for the adolescent as possible, therefore allowing them to discuss their problems.

The Characteristics of Adolescents Essay -- Papers Young Adults Teenag

The Characteristics of Adolescents Works Cited Not Included Adolescence, the period of life between childhood and maturity, may be regarded as one of the most crucial spirit levels through which the human individual passes in his journey from conception to death. For many, it is seen as the key stage in development. Changes in physique and the maturation of the reproductive system bring with them associated changes in emotions and the whole pattern of psychological characteristics is restructured as the individual strives to attain a sense of identity. Development in intellectual functioning provides the young with the ability to question himself, his family, his world, and his values (Garrod, Smulyan, Powers, and Kilkenny, 1992). Adolescents begin to develop principles- not necessarily those that adults would like to consider them develop- but nevertheless principles of conduct. They atomic number 18 deeply influenced by what is done among their peer s or among people slightly older than themselves, whom they respect. Adolescents tend to revolt against whatever code of moral philosophy may be in vogue in their corner of the world, and they can become completely obsessed by almost any moral problem. They are normally prejudiced and uncompromising in whatever attitude they adopt. This stage of growth is a difficult one for them and for everyone else, but perhaps it is necessary as a step from the unthinking acceptance of childhood to the independent thinking of an adult. During this period, the adolescent is an unreasonable creature. He does a good deal of hard thinking, go with by endless hours of talking with his peers, about his philosophy of life. Int... ...cult to engage in discussions about problems that affect them, and less likely to respond on a printing level than young women. Being the mother of two children, aged twenty-one and nineteen years of age, I am aware of how a youths characteri stics would impact on our session. I have never had a problem dealing with adolescents, as I am consistently interacting with teenagers on a regular basis. Therefore, I am familiar with the problems that might be addressed during therapy such as the fear of disclosure, inability to see problem behaviours, and their view that counselling is punitive. As a result, I would use various micro skills that I have acquired over numerous years to make sure the counselling environment was as comfortable for the adolescent as possible, therefore allowing them to discuss their problems.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 33-36

CHAPTER 33Systems auspices specialist Mark Zoubianis was sinking deeper into his futon and scowling at the information on his laptop screen.What the endocarp winsome of address is this?His best ignoreing tools were entirely ineffective at breaking into the document or at unmasking Trishs mysterious IP address. Ten minutes had passed, and Zoubianiss political program was still pounding away in vain at the network firewalls. They showed little hope of penetration. No winder theyre all overpaying me. He was ab come out of the windupt to retool and elbow grease a different approach when his phone rang.Trish, for Christs sake, I said Id call you. He muted the football game and answered. Yeah?Is this Mark Zoubianis? a art object asked. At 357 Kingston Drive in Washington?Zoubianis could hear other subdue conversations in the fundamentground. A telemarketer during the play- attains? atomic number 18 they insane? Let me guess, I won a week in Anguilla?No, the voice replied with no trace of humor. This is systems security for the Central Intelligence Agency. We would like to k instanter why you are attempting to hack one of our classified databases?Three stories above the Capitol Buildings subbasement, in the wide-open spaces of the visitor center, security watch over Nunez locked the main entry doors as he did every nighttime at this time. As he headed back crossways the expansive marble floors, he perspective of the while in the army-surplus jacket with the tattoos.I let him in. Nunez wondered if he would have a job tomor dustup.As he headed toward the escalator, a sudden pounding on the outside doors caused him to turn. He squinted back toward the main entrance and byword an elderly African American man outside, rapping on the glass with his open palm and motioning to be let in.Nunez shook his head and pointed to his watch.The man pounded again and stepped into the depress. He was immaculately dressed in a blue suit and had close-cropped graying h air. Nunezs pulse quickened. Holy shit. Even at a distance, Nunez now recognized who this man was. He hurried back to the entrance and unlocked the door. Im sorry, sir. entertain, please come in.Warren BellamyArchitect of the Capitolstepped across the threshold and thanked Nunez with a polite nod. Bellamy was lithe and slender, with an erect pram and piercing gaze that exuded the confidence of a man in full control of his surroundings. For the last twenty-five years, Bellamy had served as the supervisor of the U.S. Capitol.May I encourage you, sir? Nunez asked.Thank you, yes. Bellamy enunciated his words with crisp precision. As a northeastern Ivy League graduate, his diction was so exacting he sounded almost British. Ive just intimate that you had an incident here this change surface. He olfactory modalityed deeply concerned.Yes, sir. It wasWheres Chief Anderson?Down steps with Director Sato from the CIAs Office of Security.Bellamys eyes widened with concern. The CIA is here? Yes, sir. Director Sato arrived almost immediately after the incident.why? Bellamy demanded.Nunez shrugged. As if I was going to ask?Bellamy strode directly toward the escalators. Where are they?They just went to the lower levels. Nunez hastened after him.Bellamy glanced back with a look of concern. Downstairs? Why? I dont really knowI just heard it on my radio.Bellamy was moving faster now. Take me to them right away.Yes, sir.As the two men hurried across the open expanse, Nunez caught a glimpse of a large golden ring on Bellamys finger.Nunez pulled out his radio. Ill alert the chief that youre coming down.No. Bellamys eyes flashed dangerously. Id cull to be unannounced.Nunez had made some big mistakes tonight, but failing to alert Chief Anderson that the Architect was now in the building would be his last. Sir? he said, uneasy. I think Chief Anderson would preferYou are aware that I employ Mr. Anderson? Bellamy said.Nunez nodded.Then I think he would prefer you obey my wishes.CHA PTER 34Trish Dunne entered the SMSC anteway and looked up with surprise. The guest wait here looked nonhing like the usual bookish, flannel-clad doctors who entered this buildingthose of anthropology, oceanography, geology, and other scientific plain stitchs. Quite to the contrary, Dr. Abaddon looked almost aristocratic in his impeccably tailored suit. He was tall, with a broad torso, well-tanned face, and perfectly combed blond hair that gave Trish the impression he was more accustomed to luxuries than to laboratories.Dr. Abaddon, I presume? Trish said, extending her hand.The man looked uncertain, but he took Trishs plump hand in his broad palm. Im sorry. And you are?Trish Dunne, she replied. Im Katherines assistant. She asked me to escort you back to her lab.Oh, I see. The man smiled now. Very nice to meet you, Trish. My apologies if I seemed confused. I was under the impression Katherine was here alone this evening. He motioned down the hall. But Im all yours. Lead the way.De spite the mans quick recovery, Trish had seen the flash of disappointment in his eyes. She now suspected the motive for Katherines secrecy earlier about Dr. Abaddon. A budding romance, maybe? Katherine never discussed her social life, but her visitor was attractive and well-g agencyed, and although younger than Katherine, he clearly came from her world of wealth and privilege. Nonetheless(prenominal), whatever Dr. Abaddon had imagined tonights visit might entail, Trishs presence did not seem to be part of his plan.At the lobbys security checkpoint, a lone guard quickly pulled off his headphones, and Trish could hear the Redskins game blaring. The guard put Dr. Abaddon through the usual visitor routine of metal detectors and temporary security badges. Whos winning? Dr. Abaddon said affably as he emptied his pockets of a cell phone, some keys, and a cigarette fall downer.Skins by three, the guard said, sounding eager to bemuse back. Helluva game.Mr. Solomon will be arriving shortly , Trish told the guard. Would you please send him back to the lab once he arrives? ordain do. The guard gave an appreciative wink as they passed through. Thanks for the heads- up. Ill look busy.Trishs comment had been not only for the benefit of the guard but also to remind Dr. Abaddon that Trish was not the only one intruding on his private evening here with Katherine.So how do you know Katherine? Trish asked, glancing up at the mysterious guest.Dr. Abaddon chuckled. Oh, its a long story. Weve been working on something together.Understood, Trish thought. None of my business.This is an amazing facility, Abaddon said, glancing around as they moved down the massive corridor. Ive never actually been here.His airy tone was becoming more genial with every step, and Trish noticed he was actively taking it all in. In the bright vigilants of the lobby, she also noticed that his face looked like he had a fake tan. Odd. Nonetheless, as they navigated the deserted corridors, Trish gave him a general schema of the SMSCs purpose and function, including the various pods and their contents.The visitor looked impressed. Sounds like this place has a treasure trove of priceless artifacts. I would have expected guards posted everywhere.No need, Trish said, motioning to the row of fish-eye lenses lining the ceiling high above. Security here is automated. Every inch of this corridor is recorded twenty-four/seven, and this corridor is the spine of the facility. Its impossible to access any of the rooms off this corridor without a key card and PIN number.Efficient use of cameras.Knock on wood, weve never had a theft. Then again, this is not the kind of museum anyone would robtheres not much call on the black market for extinct flowers, Inuit kayaks, or giant squid carcasses.Dr. Abaddon chuckled. I suppose youre right. Our biggest security threat is rodents and plant louses. Trish explained how the building prevented insect infestations by freezing all SMSC refuse and also by an architectural feature called a dead zonean inhospitcapable compartment between double walls, which adjoin the entire building like a sheath.Incredible, Abaddon said. So, where is Katherine and Peters lab?Pod Five, Trish said. Its all the way at the end of this hallway.Abaddon halted suddenly, spinning to his right, toward a small window. My word Will you look at thatTrish laughed. Yeah, thats Pod Three. They call it Wet Pod.Wet? Abaddon said, face pressed to the glass.There are over three thousand gallons of liquid ethanol in there. Remember the giant squid carcass I mentioned earlier?Thats the squid? Dr. Abaddon turned from the window momentarily, his eyes wide. Its hugeA female Architeuthis, Trish said. Shes over forty feet.Dr. Abaddon, apparently enraptured by the sight of the squid, seemed unable to pull his eyes away from the glass. For a moment, the grown man reminded Trish of a little son at a pet-store window, wishing he could go in and see a puppy. Five seconds later, he was still staring longingly through the window.Okay, okay, Trish at long last said, laughing as she inserted her key card and typed her PIN number. Come on. Ill show you the squid.As Malakh stepped into the dimly lit world of Pod 3, he scanned the walls for security cameras. Katherines squat little assistant began rattling on about the specimens in this room. Malakh tuned her out. He had no interest whatsoever in giant squids. His only interest was in using this dark, private space to solve an unexpected problem.CHAPTER 35The wooden stairs descending to the Capitols subbasement were as steep and shallow as any stairs Langdon had ever traversed. His breathing was faster now, and his lungs felt tight. The air down here was cold and damp, and Langdon couldnt help but flash on a similar practice of stairs he had taken a few years back into the Vaticans Necropolis. The City of the Dead.Ahead of him, Anderson led the way with his flashlight. Behind Langdon, Sato followed closely, her tiny hands at times pressing into Langdons back. Im going as fast as I can. Langdon inhaled deeply, trying to ignore the cramped walls on either side of him. There was barely room for his shoulders on this staircase, and his daybag now scraped down the sidewall.Maybe you should leave your bag above, Sato offered behind him.Im fine, Langdon replied, having no intention of letting it out of his sight. He pictured Peters little computer software and could not begin to imagine how it might relate to anything in the subbasement of the U.S. Capitol.Just a few more steps, Anderson said. Almost there.The group had descended into darkness, moving beyond the establish of the staircases lone lightbulb. When Langdon stepped off the final wooden tread, he could feel that the floor beneath his feet was dirt. Journey to the center of the Earth. Sato stepped down behind him.Anderson now raised his channelise, examining their surroundings. The subbasement was less of a basement than it was an ul tranarrow corridor that ran perpendicular to the stairs. Anderson shone his light left and then right, and Langdon could see the passage was only about fifty feet long and lined on two sides with small wooden doors. The doors abutted one another so closely that the rooms behind them could not have been more than ten feet wide.ACME Storage meets the Catacombs of Domatilla, Langdon thought as Anderson consulted the blueprint. The tiny section depicting the subbasement was marked with an X to show the location of SBB13. Langdon couldnt help but notice that the layout was identical to a fourteen-tomb mausoleumseven vaults set about seven vaultswith one removed to accommodate the stairs they had just descended. Thirteen in all. He suspected Americas thirteen conspiracy theorists would have a field day if they knew there were exactly thirteen storage rooms buried beneath the U.S. Capitol. Some found it suspicious that the Great Seal of the United States had thirteen stars, thirteen arro ws, thirteen pyramid steps, thirteen shield stripes, thirteen olive leaves, thirteen olives, thirteen letters in annuit coeptis, thirteen letters in e pluribus unum, and on and on.It does look abandoned, Anderson said, shining the beam into the chamber directly in front of them. The sound wooden door was wide open. The shaft of light lighten up a narrow stone chamberabout ten feet wide by some thirty feet deeplike a dead-end hallway to nowhere. The chamber contained nothing more than a couple of old collapsed wooden boxes and some crumpled packing paper.Anderson shone his light on a copper carapace mounted on the door. The plate was covered with verdigris, but the old marking was legibleSBB IVSBB Four, Anderson said.Which one is SBB Thirteen? Sato asked, faint wisps of steam curling out of her mouth in the cold subterranean air.Anderson turned the beam toward the south end of the corridor. Down there.Langdon peered down the narrow passage and shivered, feeling a light sweat despi te the cold.As they moved through the phalanx of adits, all of the rooms looked the same, doors ajar, apparently abandoned long ago. When they reached the end of the line, Anderson turned to his right, raising the beam to peer into room SBB13. The flashlight beam, however, was impeded by a heavy wooden door.Unlike the others, the door to SBB13 was closed.This final door looked exactly like the othersheavy hinges, iron handle, and a copper number plate encrusted with green. The seven characters on the number plate were the same characters on Peters palm upstairs.SBB XIIIPlease tell me the door is locked, Langdon thought.Sato spoke without hesitation. Try the door.The police chief looked uneasy, but he reached out, grasped the heavy iron handle, and pushed down on it. The handle didnt budge. He shone the light now, illuminating a heavy, old- fashioned lock plate and keyhole.Try the master key, Sato said.Anderson produced the main key from the entry door upstairs, but it was not even close to fitting.Am I mistaken, Sato said, her tone sarcastic, or shouldnt Security have access to every corner of a building in case of emergency?Anderson exhaled and looked back at Sato. Maam, my men are checking for a secondary key, butShoot the lock, she said, nodding toward the key plate beneath the lever.Langdons pulse leaped.Anderson cleared his throat, sounding uneasy. Maam, Im waiting for news on a secondary key. I am not sure Im halcyon blasting our way intoPerhaps youd be more comfortable in prison for obstructing a CIA investigation?Anderson looked incredulous. After a long beat, he reluctantly handed the light to Sato and unsnapped his holster.Wait Langdon said, no longer able to stand idly by. Think about it. Peter gave up his right hand rather than reveal whatever might be behind this door. Are you sure we want to do this? Unlocking this door is essentially complying with the demands of a terrorist. Do you want to get Peter Solomon back? Sato asked.Of course, butThen I signify you do exactly what his captor is requesting.Unlock an ancient portal? You think this is the portal?Sato shone the light in Langdons face. Professor, I have no idea what the hell this is. Whether its a storage unit or the secret entrance to an ancient pyramid, I intend to open it. Do I make myself clear?Langdon squinted into the light and finally nodded.Sato lowered the beam and redirected it at the doors antique key plate. Chief? Go ahead.Still looking averse to the plan, Anderson extracted his sidearm very, very slowly, gazing down at it with uncertainty.Oh, for Gods sake Satos tiny hands shot out, and she grabbed the weapon from him. She stuffed the flashlight into his now exonerate palm. Shine the damned light. She handled the gun with the confidence of someone who had trained with weapons, cachexia no time turning off the pistols safety, cocking the weapon, and aiming at the lock.Wait Langdon yelled, but he was too late.The gun roared three times.Langdons eardrums felt like they had exploded. Is she insane? The gunshots in the tiny space had been deafening.Anderson also looked shaken, his hand wavering a bit as he shone the flashlight on the bullet- riddled door.The lock mechanism was now in tatters, the wood surrounding it entirely pulverized. The lock had released, the door now having fallen ajar.Sato extended the pistol and pressed the tip of the barrel against the door, giving it a push. The door swung fully into the blackness beyond.Langdon peered in but could see nothing in the darkness. What in the world is that smell? An unusual, fetid odor wafted out of the darkness.Anderson stepped into the doorway and shone the light on the floor, tracing carefully down the length of the barren dirt floor. This room was like the othersa long, narrow space. The sidewalls were rugged stone, giving the room the feel of an ancient prison cell. But that smell . . . Theres nothing here, Anderson said, moving the beam farther down the chamber floor. Final ly, as the beam reached the end of the floor, he raised it up to illuminate the chambers farthest wall.My God . . . Anderson shouted.Everyone saw it and jumped back.Langdon stared in disbelief at the deepest recess of the chamber.To his horror, something was staring back.CHAPTER 36What in Gods name . . . ? At the threshold of SBB13, Anderson fumbled with his light and retreated a step.Langdon also recoiled, as did Sato, who looked startled for the first time all night.Sato aimed the gun at the back wall and motioned for Anderson to walk out the light again. Anderson raised the light. The beam was dim by the time it reached the far wall, but the light was enough to illuminate the shape of a pallid and ghostly face, staring back at them through lifeless sockets.A human skull.The skull sat atop a rickety wooden desk positioned against the rear wall of the chamber. dickens human leg bones sat beside the skull, along with a collection of other items that were meticulously arranged on the desk in shrinelike fashionan antique hourglass, a crystal flask, a candle, two saucers of pale powder, and a sheet of paper. Propped against the wall beside the desk stood the fearsome shape of a long scythe, its curved blade as old(prenominal) as that of the grim reaper.Sato stepped into the room. Well, now . . . it appears Peter Solomon keeps more secrets than I imagined.Anderson nodded, inching after her. Talk about skeletons in your closet. He raised the light and surveyed the rest of the empty chamber. And that smell? he added, crinkling his nose. What is it? Sulfur, Langdon replied evenly behind them. There should be two saucers on the desk. The saucer on the right will contain salt. And the other sulfur.Sato go around in disbelief. How the hell would you know that?Because, maam, there are rooms exactly like this all over the world.One story above the subbasement, Capitol security guard Nunez escorted the Architect of the Capitol, Warren Bellamy, down the long hallway t hat ran the length of the eastern basement. Nunez could have sworn that he had just heard three gunshots down here, muffled and underground.Theres no way.Subbasement door is open, Bellamy said, squinting down the hallway at a door that stood ajar in the distance.Strange evening indeed, Nunez thought. Nobody goes down there. Ill be glad to find out whats going on, he said, reaching for his radio.Go back to your duties, Bellamy said. Im fine from here.Nunez shifted uneasily. You sure?Warren Bellamy stopped, placing a firm hand on Nunezs shoulder. Son, Ive worked here for twenty-five years. I think I can find my way.

Protests at Parihaka Essay

The events around the non-violent protests at Parihaka took place mainly from 1860 to 1900 and have not only abnormal Taranaki culturally, but the whole country politically and spiritually as well.At the end of the second Taranaki war in 1866, Parihaka was created as a Maori settlement later on the Government had taken away almost all Maori land in Taranaki as a way of punishing rebel Maori. The settlement was founded by Maori brain Te Whiti o Rongomai, who had already fought in the previous Taranaki wars. He did this to not only distance himself and his people from European contact, but also to distance himself from hawkish Maori tribes. Fellow chief Tohu Kakahi and Te Whiti also joined Rongomai. The pa was stationed between the sight of Mt Taranaki and the sea, in a clearing that was surrounded by hollow hills and a stream. In late 1866, Maori King Tawhiao (leader of the Waikato tribes and second Maori King) sent 12 apostles to live at Parihaka to come on a bond between the t wo tribes. By 1871, there was a reported 300 people living in Parihaka. Taranakis Medical Officer had said that Parihaka was the cleanest, best-kept pa he had ever visited.Te Whiti o Rongomai and Tohu Kakahi were both committed to non-violent actions in order to resist invasion and protect Maori independence. The both believe in ancestral and Christian spiritual ways, which build on their non-violent views and political leadership. Throughout the wars of the 1860s, Rongomai and Kakahi forbade the use of arms and violence. Parihaka was a neutral party throughout. They challenged the Government over the illegality of the wars, the confiscation of the land and the policies set against Maori.They developed periodical meetings at Parihaka, which were to take place on the 18th day of each month both Maori and Pakeha leaders were invited to discuss and strategies for resistance to the Government taking the land. When Europeans intruded on Maori land and caused a threat to all Maorisettlem ents, Te Whiti sent out his people to block the surveys and to plough the confiscated land. The men who were sent to plough were arrested, but they offered no resistance, even when treated harshly. In 1880, the Parihaka people created barricades, removed survey pegs and escorted road builder and surveyors out of the district. After this, Parliament passed a bill that let the brass holding the protesters without trial. By September 1880, hundreds of men and children were exiled to the South Island prisons where they were forced to build the structure of cities. In 1881, resistance and imprisonments continued.On November 5 1881, an invasion force entered Parihaka. more than 2000 people sat quietly on the marae while children met the army. An hour later, Te Whiti and Tohu were led away to the South Island. The destruction of Parihaka began straight after and women and girls were raped.

George Orwells Animal Farm

In George Orwells Animal Farm, array unit and learn of the farm shifts from Mr. Jones to Snowball and from Snowball to Napoleon. Each, no matter how well their leadership, was corrupted by precedent in some modality as compared to Russian leaders of the time. The most corrupt, Napoleon, uses several methods of gaining mocontrol the Handmaids in around any way they desire.It is clear that the al-Qaida of power and control through the depiction of its citizens creates a mischievously oppressive society. This theme is portrayed by the role of government and the patriarchal society. The government strikes fear on its citizens with the Wall and the Salvaging in the Handmaids baloney, the military force in V for Vendetta and the outcasting of animals that do not follow orders in Animal farm. business organization and intimidation are used in the texts and furthermore, power is shown through the patriarchal society, which includes the Commanders, the Commanders Wives, and the Handm aids assigned to them. Overall, the Republic of Gilead institutes power and control in society, therefore forcing its residents into submission and causation them to loose control over their own lives. .re power and luxury.Power and ControlOnce you had the freedom to object, to think and speak as you saw fit, you now energise censors and systems of surveillance coercing your conformity and soliciting your submission (V, V for Vendetta). Throughout history there has been struggle of power and control between a governing eubstance and its people. In the movie V for Vendetta, the government has ultimate control over its people in a dystopian future, created by a series of strategic events that could be in the near future for the United States.Good morning/afternoon teachers and fellow students. Today I will be talking to you close Power and Control related to my three texts, Animal Farm by George Orwell, V for Vendetta directed by James McTeigue and The Handmaids tosh by Margaret Atwood.Yes it is necessary for the government to impose a certain amount of power and control on its citizens in order for a society to lock properly. However, too much power and control in a society eliminates the freedom of the residents, forbidding them to live an ordinary life. In the dystopic futuristic novel, The Handmaids Tale demonstrates the theme of power and control through an oppressive society called the Republic of Gilead. The government establishes power and control through the use of the Wall, military control, the Salvaging, and the Particicution.The Patriarchal society allows the Commanders to comport immense power over the citizens, while the Commanders Wives hold the power in the household. Generally, the Handmaids do not hold very much power because they are of a lower class in the Patriarchal society. The Republic of Gilead institutes power and control in society, therefore forcing its residents into submission and leaving them completely helpless in a totali tarian regime.Just like in George Orwells Animal Farm, power and control of the farm shifts from Mr. Jones to Snowball and from Snowball to Napoleon. Each, no matter how well their leadership, was corrupted by power in some way as compared to Russian leaders of the time. The most corrupt, Napoleon, uses several methods of gaining more power and luxury.The citizens in The Handmaids Tale know that they are constantly under surveillance, so they try their best to conform to avoid getting caught. The patriarchal society is another factor that develops power and control. The Republic of Gilead is male dominated the Commanders exercise authority over all the citizens. The Commander has a high status in society, as explained by Ofglen when she says, Hes way up there Hes at the top, and I mean the very top. At such time its hard to imagine it (Atwood 262). The Commanders Wives hold power, for they can do almost anything to the Handmaids (Atwood 344). Clearly, the Commanders Wives are permit ted to control the Handmaids in almost any way they desire.It is clear that the theme of power and control through the depiction of its citizens creates a severely oppressive society. This theme is portrayed by the role of government and the patriarchal society. The government strikes fear on its citizens with the Wall and the Salvaging in the Handmaids Tale, the military force in V for Vendetta and the outcasting of animals that do not follow orders in Animal farm. Fear and intimidation are used in the texts and furthermore, power is shown through the patriarchal society, which includes the Commanders, the Commanders Wives, and the Handmaids assigned to them. Overall, the Republic of Gilead institutes power and control in society, therefore forcing its residents into submission and causing them to loose control over their own lives. .

Bring Mobile Phones to School Essay

It has been debated nationwide and even worldwide for and against shallow-age childs being rendered to bring mobile phones to school. Usually, a school consists of deuce-ace parts namely, the Primary, Middle and Upper section. We live in the 21st century which is very much a digital age and nowadays, almost every student other than in primary section, has a mobile phone. In my opinion, mobile phones are good for children as long as they are educated in its appropriate usage and the privilege given without being abused. Here are some reasons and benefits as to why students should bring phones to school. In the past, children had less activities in and by and by school and parents often never knew where their children were until they came home. In todays world, children are so involved in after school activities such as clubs and societies, sports, symphony and tuition as directed by parents. Parents need to coordinate with the children, coaches, teachers in charge and other part ies within their busy day to day scrolls.Mobile phones allow parents to communicate with children at any clipping. Parents can check up on children and arrange transportation or relay all-important(a) information if necessary. This supports organizing the daily schedule as we go along the days activities and increases the safety aspect. Mobile phones can also be an invaluable tool in emergency situations. For instance, if a student is severely injured or there is a crisis situation, cell phones can allow students to contact authorities for help. This can be especially important for students who do not travel to and from school with a parent, but in public transportation or school vans.It also helps children to have communication and hold up networks amongst groups of common interests. Facilities like SMS allow to reach and communicate with large groups instantly with a record for future references, which also will save time and money. This option is also an advantage for teacher s to reach their students at large in an effective manner for common messages. Further, with the added options such as Dictionary, Thesaurus, Reminders, e-mails and camera, the mobile phone expands the acquaintance base and the capacity of a child and his scope. These features are commonly available in all mobile phones.Moreover, the student who carries a mobile phone has to nurse it, be disciplined in its usage and also has to be knowledgeable in using it to his or her benefit. This improves the capacity of responsibility, self-discipline and knowledge share-out of the child which are very important attributes in a persons life.In conclusion, I think students should be allowed to bring mobile phones to school under the parents guidance and the schools should be clear in communicating its rules and regulations in terms of usage of the phones within school hours.

Store Layout and Design

Chapter 13 terminal Layout and Design I. Introduction to Store Layout Management. Retailers butt end use the retail store itself to tutor and continue their relationship with clients. A. The store itself (e. g. , its layout) has the potential to overcome many of the negative attitudes/emotions customers may carry as they enter a retailers store. 1. 2. In fact, no other variable in the retailing mix influences the consumers initial perception as much as the retailers store itself. The two primary objectives al approximately which all activities, functions, and goals in the store revolve atomic number 18 store image and sales productivity.Store image is the boilersuit perception the consumer has of the stores environment. b. Space productivity represents how effectively the retailer utilizes its blank shell and is usually measured by sales per square foot of selling space or gross margin dollars per square foot of selling space. In cyberspace, retailers must be concerned with the format of the entire website. In order to drive repeat visits and encourage consumer purchasing on ones web site, the e-tailer should a. b. Keep content current. Make the site easy and enjoyable to use. c.Structure an online community where consumers dirty dog interact with one another or contribute to the sites content. B. Elements of the Store Environment The successful retailer will place a heavy emphasis on designing their fleshly facilities so as to enhance the retailers overall image and increase its productivity. The elements that should be con officered are a. POS signage. b. c. Visual Communications Retail identity, graphics, and Store cooking Space allocation, layout, and circulation. Store Design Exterior design, ambiance, and lighting. election, product a. 3. d. Merchandising Fixture presentation, and visual merchandising. C. The two primary objectives of creating the desired store image and increasing space productivity correspond to the general mission of all retailers, which is to get consumers into the store (traffic) and influence them to buy sell once inside (conversion rate) while operating in the most efficient manner possible (operating efficiency). The store planner must constantly balance these objectives, as they are sometimes at odds. 1.Developing a Store Image the ability to create and change image through the store environment becomes more important e genuinely day as consumers time penury increases. 2. Increasing Space Productivity a goal summarized in a simple but powerful truism of retailing The more merchandise customers are exposed to, the more they tend to buy. To enhance space productivity, retailers must incorporate cooking, merchandising, and design strategies that minimize shrinkage (the loss of merchandise through theft, loss, and damage). II. Store Planning.Store be after is the development of floor plans, which indicate where merchandise and customer service departments are located, how customers cir culate through the store, and how much space is dedicated to each department. A. Allocating Space the first point of store planning is determining how the available store space will be allocated to various departments, based on mathematical calculations of the returns generated by polar types of merchandise. 1. Types of Space Needed there are five basic types of space in a store a. . The back room includes the receiving area to process arriving inventories and the stockroom to store surplus merchandise. Offices and other functional spaces include a break room for associates, a training room, offices for the store manager and assistant managers, a change office, bathroom facilities for twain customers and employees, and perhaps other areas. The amount of space dedicated to gangplanks, service areas, and other nonselling areas discharge be signifi screwingt, perhaps 15 percent or more of the entire space.While the store planner always attempts to minimize the amount of nonsel ling space, customer service is an equally important part of a store and should not be short-changed. The floor merchandise space holds many types of fixtures employ to display merchandise. The walls are one of the most important elements of a retail store. They serve as fixtures holding tremendous amounts of merchandise, as well as serving as a visual backdrop for the merchandise on the floor. c. d. e. 2.Space Allocation Planning to put the most productive allocation of space, the store planner must analyze the productivity and profitability of various categories of merchandise. There are two situations where this is evident planning a new store and revising the space allocation of an existing store. a. Improving Space Productivity in Existing Stores When a retailer has been in business for some time, it can develop a sales history on which to evaluate merchandise performance, refine space allocations, and enhance space productivity.Various numerical measures, such as the spa ce productivity index, can be used to develop a more productive space allocation. Space Allocation for a New Store When a retailer is creating a new store format, it bases space allocation on industry standards, previous experience b. with similar formats, or more frequently, the space required to carry the number of items specified by the buyers. B. Circulation there are four basic types of circulation patterns in use today. Shoppers have been learn to associate certain circulation patterns with diametric types of stores. . 2. 3. Free Flow, the simplest type of store layout, is a type of store layout in which fixtures and merchandise are grouped into free-flowing patterns on the sales floor. Grid Layout is another type of store layout in which counters and fixtures are primed(p) in long rows or runs, usually at right angles, throughout the store. loop Layout is a type of store layout in which a major customer aisle begins at the entrance, loops through the store usually in t he shape of a circle, square, or rectangle and then returns the customer to the front of the store.Spine Layout is a type of store layout in which a single main aisle runs from the front to the back of the store, transporting customers in both directions, and where on either side of this spine, merchandise departments using either a free-flow or grid pattern branch off toward the back and side walls. 4. C. Shrinkage Prevention. When planning stores, the prevention of shrinkage due to theft, damage, and loss must be considered. Some layouts will minimize vulnerability to shoplifters by increasing the profile of the merchandise. III. Planning Fixtures and Merchandise origination.In the theater of retailing, there are two basic types of merchandise presentation visual merchandising displays which are analogous to the props which primp scenes and serve as backdrops and on-shelf merchandising which represents the stars of the performance. A. Fixture Types fall into three basic catego ries 1. Hardline Fixtures. The workhorse fixture in most hardline departments is the gondola. The gondola can hold a wide variety of merchandise in fact, virtually all hardlines by means of hardware hung from the vertical spine.Tables, large bins, and flat-base decks are used to display bulk quantities of merchandise when the retailer wants to make a game-value statement. Softline Fixtures. A large array of fixtures have been developed to accommodate the special needs of softlines, which a good deal are hung on hangers. The four-way feature rack and the round rack are two of the fixtures most heavily used today. The round rack is known as a bulk or capacity fixture, and the four-way rack is considered a feature fixture, because it presents merchandise in a manner, which features certain characteristics of the merchandise (such as color, shape, or style).Wall Fixtures. The digest type of fixture are those designed to be hung on the wall. To make a plain wall merchandisable, it i s usually covered with a vertical fur that is fitted with vertical columns of notches similar to that on the gondola, into which a variety of hardware can be inserted. Shelves, peghooks, bins, baskets, and even hanger bars can be fitted into wall systems. 2. 3. B. Merchandise Presentation Planning With all the various types of fixtures available, there is an endless variety of ways to merchandise product. . The methods of merchandise presentation include the following a. Shelving The majority of merchandise is placed on shelves that are inserted into gondolas or wall systems. Shelving is a flexible, easy-to-maintain merchandising method. Hanging Apparel on hangers can be hung from softlines fixtures such as round racks and four-way racks, or from bars installed on gondolas or wall systems. Pegging Small merchandise can be hung from peghooks, which are small rods inserted into gondolas or wall systems.Used in both softlines and hardlines, pegging gives a neat, orderly appearance , but can be labor intensive to display and maintain. Folding Higher-margin or large, unwieldy softlines merchandise can be folded and then bosomy onto shelves or placed on tables. This can create a high-fashion image, such as when bath towels are taken off peghooks and neatly folded and stacked high up the wall. Stacking Large hardline merchandise can be stacked on shelves, the base decks of gondolas, or flats, which are platforms placed directly on the floor.Stacking is good maintained and gives an image of high volume and low price. Dumping Large quantities of small merchandise can be dumped in bins or baskets inserted into gondolas or wall systems. This method can be used in softlines (socks, wash cloths) or hardlines (batteries, candy), and creates a high-volume, low-cost image. b. c. d. e. f. 2. Different merchandising methods can strongly influence our buy habits and cause us to purchase more. There is a certain psychology of merchandise presentation. . Value/Fashion Im age One of merchandisings most important mental effects is its ability to foster an image in the customers mind of how trendy, exclusive, pricey, or value oriented the merchandise is. Angles and Sightlines Research has shown that as customers move through a retail store, they view the store at approximately 45 degree angles from the path of travel, so merchandise placed at 45 degree angles to the aisle has better visibility.Vertical Color Blocking To be most effective, merchandise should be displayed in vertical bands of color wherever possible, so that customers are exposed to a greater number of SKUs. b. c. C. Selecting the Proper Fixture and Merchandise Presentation Methods In selecting which fixtures and merchandising methods to use, a good guideline is to match the fixture to the merchandise, not the merchandise to the fixture. This means you should only use fixtures hat are sensitive to the nature of the merchandise, but all too often, retailers are forced to put merchand ise on the wrong fixture. D. Visual Merchandising is the artistic display of merchandise and theatrical props used as scene-setting decoration in the store. Visuals dont always include merchandise they may just be interesting displays of items somehow related to the merchandise offering or to a mood the retailer wishes to create. IV. Store Design encompasses both the exterior and the interior of the store.There are literally hundreds of details in a stores design, and all must work together to create the desired store ambiance, which is the overall feeling or mood projected by a store through its aesthetic appeal to the human senses. A. Storefront Design. If the retail store can be compared to a book, then the storefront or store exterior is like the book cover. It must be noticeable, easily identified by flying motorists or mall shoppers, memorable, clearly identify the name and general market positioning of the store, and give some hint as to the merchandise inside.Interior Des ign can be broken into architectural elements and design finishes, and encompasses floorcoverings, walls, and ceilings. Lighting is one of the most important, though often overlooked, elements in a successful store design. Retailers learned that different types and levels of lighting can have a significant impact on sales. Sounds and Smells Total Sensory Marketing. Research has shown that senses other than sight can be very important. Many retailers are beginning to engineer the sounds and smells in their stores.B. C. D. V. Visual Communications. Visual communications includes in-store signage and graphics. When carefully balanced with personal service, visual communications, with its reliability and low cost, can create an effective selling environment and is therefore an important tool in the store designers toolbox. A. Name, Logo, and Retail Identity. The first and most visible element in a comprehensive visual communications program is the retailers identity, composed of the sto re name, logo mark, and supporting visual elements.The name and logo must be catchy, memorable, and most of all, reflective of the retailers merchandising mission. Institutional Signage. Once inside the store, the first level of visual communications is known as institutional signage, or signage that describes the merchandising mission, customer service policies, and other messages on behalf of the retail institution. Directional, Departmental, and Category Signage serve as the next level of organizational signage. These signs help guide the shopper through the shopping mail and assist in locating specific departments of interest.B. C. D. Point-of-Sale (POS) Signage. The next level of signage is even smaller, placed closer to the merchandise, and known as point-of-sale signage, or POS signage. POS signage is mean to give details about specific merchandise items and is usually affixed directly to fixtures. E. Lifestyle Graphics. Many stores incorporate large graphic panels showing so-called lifestyle images in important departments. These photo images portray either the merchandise, often as it is being used, or images of related items or models that convey an image contributive to buying the product.

Comparing the French Poets

Antony Bush said to me poetry is an expression of self thought. It would seem then that poetry a personal journey that a poet shares with a willing audience. This journey through the poets ego or consciousness is what allows poetry to be dynamic, enigmatic, and provocative. Poetry then isnt a way in which a poet can complain about(predicate) a broken heart or a broken family unless a way in which they can more vividly and truthfully express their surrounding circumstance and place metaphor in the place of cliche.For instance, quite of saying my heart is broken a poet can say my heart splinters into a thousand galaxies thereby relating their personal pain into a more worldly occurrence and thus making the poem accessible to their audience. The aim of poetry then is to make readers feel more human when they read furrows equivalent We flit each other, fluid affectionate, chaste, matured. You grew up with me, were a boy with me or a girl with me in which Walt Whitman expresses to his reader how he knows them and in knowing them he transcends time, gender, and space thereby making the reader a little less lonely.That is the goal of poetry, to make people feel less lonely, to have them feel as if someone else has felt their love, joy, pain and grief and thin-skinnede it through these human emotions it gives the reader hope that they too will make it through life. In Baudelaires poem One Oclock in the Morning he expresses enthusiasm for existence alone. Except, in his third sentence he says ours mean that he is not alone, his desire was to be alone with someone to be left by the world so that he can exist in a world of two. This is a common theme among poets.However, this ours is rather ambiguous and the reader is left with the impression that Baudelaire is indeed alone. He states, tyranny of the human face meaning he attributes almost everything wrong in the world to humanity and not to simply one person but all people. Is he then an exclusion? The poem does not say. The poem is however definitely pointing out how sick humanity is. The poet expresses rather masochistic tendencies in wanting to be alone (the gambling of the key in the lock) and how he wants to be bathed in darkness.With such metaphors and imagery the poet succeeds in delivering his desire to be alone. In Rimbauds poem Barbarian the poet speaks of yonder distant from humanity (again). This is shown with his allusions to humanity being a banner of bleeding meat and how being far from such barbarism, one can be at peace again. He perhaps has had his vision of heroism denied or proven false as this banner (a banner which is carried in battle) is what drives the narrator quite mad with barbaric thoughts.Perhaps Rimbaud is talking about death. His reverie in stating Oh World is a cry of a dying man, and the eyes floating confirms this argument. Rimbauds poem goes on to state something about the world and the treasures of that world that he will miss this statement is given in parenthesis, (Far from the old retreats and the old flames, that are known, that are felt) (Rimbaud line 11-12). He is making a comparison between life and this new place and how both perhaps have their positive and negatives.Rimbaud however leaves the reader in an ambiguous state as he does not seem to favor one state of being over the other (unlike Baudelaire) but merely makes exhalations about either place and his feeling toward both. In the end, perhaps it is not death he is explaining in his poem, but heartbreak a love over a woman. He states he that he sees the eyes and hair and the floating form before him so in the end, the poem is perhaps more about how being out of favor or out of someones love affects him.

Bpo Attrition- the Problem and Its Solution Essay

Human Resources In Indian business sector Process Outsourcing Organizations- Attrition. Is there any solution? Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is likely to be the next big thing for services in this decade. The industry is very diverse, with several sub-segments, apiece displaying its own unique characteristics. The BPO players command to be excellent in every facet of operations as the market is highly competitive at every level and re-defining itself every day. cosmos a People-Centric industry what are the people issues that, the HR will own to handle?What are the challenges faced by HR in dealing with them? HI Before this, one needs to gain an understanding about BPOs and what businesses are Indian companies doing in this segment? BPO is based on the premise that whatsoever competencies are not very important for an organization (not their core competencies) outsource or ask somebody else who is secure at doing it, to do it for the organization. In this dash the organi zation can concentrate on its core competencies and not worry about on trivial issues, which are not strategic in nature. except these days we withal find organizations outsourcing their core competencies or the core business aspects to BPOs to gain the advantage of cost cutting and quality issues. Typi invitey, BPO would include call centers, problem solving in insurance sector to other sophisticated activities like research and other back office dealings. India has the advantage of low cost, highly qualified English speaking labour, thus most of the BPO ventures in India are call centers, although of late, companies are entering into high-end areas like research.But for some period at least we can assume that most of the companies would be doing the call center kind of business. Most of these kinds of jobs get done in the night in India to account for the 12-hour time lag betwixt US and India. Over a period of time the biological rhythm of the employee changes, causing various k ind of disorders like indigestion, fatigue, headaches etc. so the health of the employee is a major concern for the HR, more so because most of them are graduates in their early twenties.In addition the jobs are monotonous, often brass wracking. So it is a challenge for HR to adequately rotate the jobs of employees and provide them with enough time to refresh, so that they are able to deliver service of highest quality. Although many companies are targeting fresh graduates, they are not able to retain them. Attrition continues to be high 35%. HR has to ensure that a proper life story path is chalked out so that graduates increasingly see this area as a potential career for them.Clients in US, UK and other European Countries are very quality conscious and as increasingly complex jobs get outsourced, it becomes important that HR ensures right quality people are selected and the right quality of education is provided to them. This ensures that later they do not face embarrassing tim e from their clients. There has been enormous requirement in this sector for manpower and huge salaries are up for taking. The times are good for this industry, but one has to keep in mind that this industry is still in its way to figure out in the growth stage.One cannot predict the future so easily and the sour experience of software companies is still fresh in minds. So a footling bit of caution is to be exercised in this matter and proper trends have to be forecast by the HR to ensure that they do not go the software way when ultimately the industry stabilizes. Attrition A major problem rocking the Industry. Some Facts to Ponder about * 95% companies in the industry have Attrition problems * The small-sized and medium-sized companies loose more people * Turnoer rates are as high as 30% in some reputed BPOs and over all around 35% in the Industry. Employees move to smaller companies for exciting opportunities and greater identity and move to large companies for defined roles, c learer career paths and better HR systems. Loyalty towards their employer or towards the organization has slowly seems to have disappeared. Executives know that fast-moving markets require fast-moving organizations that are continually refreshed with new talent, and they have become quite adept to outside hiring. Even companies are quite comfortable with bringing in talent they remain distinctly uncomfortable about seeing talent leave.The challenger to headhunt employees with good performance ratings of other organizations is an open ploy. The mediators (so called Consultants) make this job easy for the organizations by gaining the data bases of employees and they lure the employees by offering huge pay packages finally making them to move from their job. One of the biggest assets of the BPO Industry is manpower. So, the biggest challenge in this industry is to attract and retain companionshipable manpower. Today, BPO companies are facing a shortage of knowledge workers because t he rate at which they lose employees is almost ouble the rate at which they hire. A major proportion of the turnover issue is attributed to the movement of manpower to the Companies who lure them by offering either better pay or higher designation. The average stay of an employee in bpo companies has dropped to one year. In such a scenario where companies are battle to combat global business competition, and struggling to survive, employee turnover comes as a double blow. And the issue of managing employee separation often gets ignored.Just because a business is low-level on Communication skills, for instance, doesnt mean that it has to go to great lengths to retain its employees. If theres a large pool of people with good confabulation skills available, it might want to focus on recruitment rather than retention. Moreover, since new hires have lower salaries than long-term employees, the company is able to keep a eyelid on compensation levels. Cooperating with competitors is an other way of dealing with retention. Because of the intensity of talent-war, companies instinctively view retention and recruitment as competitive exercises.But history shows that cooperation, even among competitors, can be one of the most effective ways of dealing with talent shortages. A New concept called Anti Poaching agreement between BPO organizations is on the Move. According to this agreement, the parties getting in to the agreement will share their employee databases with each other and so will restrain employees to shift in to each other companies. Lets hope that this works good for the BPOs. Frequent job-hopping of employees is not good for any one, neither for the company nor for the employee in terms of Growth.

American Epidemic

In modern times, nobody who reads the innovativespapers or watches video recording target avoid the chilling fate that our country faces. School violence is a rapidly emergence trend in America, and it seems to be there is noaffair we can do to fire it. The offenders argon from tot tout ensembley races and social classes. They range from the mellow groom hero to the laid-back school dropout. It often seems the that thing they bring in common is an utter disregard for their feature life and the lives of others.In the following accounts, interpreted straight from American headlines, harrowing events fit for b volutebuster fiction prove that our country is becoming dupe to a youthful criminal youthful rage. In multiplications past, the high school rebel was the boy all the girls wanted and all the boys wanted to be. He was the champion in the leather jacket who went to class all to make snide remarks, drove too fast, and talked too slow. Jump forward to the end of the t wentieth century, and the high school rebel is the boy who students ignore, the one who sits in the back of the classroom and n ever so talks, wears all slash in the mouth and keeps to himself.He is the last student whateverone would fear, exclusively probably the most dangerous. He doesnt want to pursue advantage of those who ar smaller than him, but wants to seek vengeance on those who have hurt him, fundamentally eitherone. He, in fact, is sometimes a she. Of course, offenders cant be classified into one group. Many times it is the last person you would ever imagine. That is the itinerary it happened for Chester Jackson, a Detroit high school football star. Chester was a seven teen-year-old hero, a senior who had reached godlike status due to his work for the school football team.But if you read his high school friends of their memories of Chester, they volition not remember him running down the football field, but running down the hall, trying to save his own life. Lik e so galore(postnominal) students, Chester found it amusing to tease the underclassmen. specially a fourteen-year-old freshman boy that was un equal to(p) to defend himself when Chester and his friends pushed him in his own locker and secured the combination lock for three consecutive classes. That was the event they say made the boy snap.He brought a gun to school the next day, and even with all of his football training, Chester could not run fast enough to save his own life. He was the first student ever killed in a Michigan high school. Unfortunately, Chesters tier is not an isolated incident. School shootings are now a common occurrence. A place that utilise to be considered a safe haven is now turning into a demolition trap. Where lockers and drinking fountains utilise to be found there are now metal detectors and armed guards. Detroit high schools have expelled xv students since Chesters murder inspired them to install metal detectors.Each of the students was carrying a loaded gun. Chesters death also resulted in the now nation wide Barron Assessment and Counseling Center, a program discerning to encourage youths to exchange their weapons for books. Marva Collins, principal of a Chicago Public School, sees the starting of these groups as bittersweet. (These) Centers are exceedingly helpful, and have the right idea in mind, but how many kidskinren are going to have to dull before our nation sits up and pays attention. Will mine be the next? In 1994, children under 18 were 244% more in all likelihood to be killed by guns than they were in 1986.Gun owners of all ages state that their function one reason for owning a handgun is encourageion from criminals, yet they are 43 times as likely to kill a friend or family member than they are a criminal. In the 1980s it issueed that teen pregnancy was going to be the downfall of American party, but as Marion Wright Edelman, president of the childrens protagonism group puts it, The crisis of child ren having children has been eclipsed by the greater crisis of children killing children. Between 1979 and 1993, guns killed more than 60,000 children, a figure greater than the number of Americans killed in the Vietnam War.Also, a child in the United States is 15 times as likely to violate as a result of gunfire than is a child in war-torn Northern Ireland. The statistics only succeed in proving what is becoming incredibly obvious guns have become the clearest evidence of a ontogenesis despair among many American teenagers. As one new-fashioned man puts it, Thats just the way it is. Guns are just a part of growing up these days. You fire a gun and you can just feel the power. Its like yeah. Who is to blame for the newest American trend? Are parents not paying(a) enough attention to their children?Are schools not educating students on proper anger management? These are some(prenominal) possibilities, but 6 out of 10 people agree the problem lies in the media. It seems that yo u cannot attend a movie these days without having to prepare yourself for some degree of violence. Even family movies (those with a G or PG rating) are not immune to it. Television appearings are nearly as bad, police dramas run nearly every night during prime time on major networks, exposing millions of young children to things they are not ready to see.The new wave of gangster rap shows young men boasting of killings and beatings, and the people of our country are proving to the corporations that crack these products one major thing violence sells. Tommy Matola, president of a major music Corporation states the things that (these) young men are speaking of are things that they grew up around, that millions of children are still growing up around. club owes them for exposing a problem that may threaten our national security. Even a typical cartoon show averages 41 acts of violence each minute of arc, with an attempted murder every 2 minutes.Many parents want the organization to regulate what is available for children to see, but many maintain that it is not their responsibility. As Barry Lynn of the American Civil Liberties fraternity put it, If you cannot persuade persons to reject what you consider to be exploitive or unhealthy, do not ask the government to impose your will on those same persons. Lately, as youth violence has been more scrutinized by the public, many new laws have come into effect. The debate over what to do with juvenile offenders is one that will never be solved, but can be compromised to come up with a good solution.Currently, offenders who appear in juvenile court do not receive a criminal record. Therefore, when a child appears in front of a new judge, he will have no way of knowing how many times the child has convicted the same crime. The law of dismissing children from a criminal record was designed to protect them from stigma and prejudice, but more often there are negative results received not by the child, but by their v ictim. States have experimented with such things as punishing parents for crimes their children commit, and many have began to charge children impeach of major crimes as adults.However, none of these laws have been threatening enough, as fourteen-year-old Arthur Bates has proven. Arthur spent many of his early days in mental facilities, but after it was decided that nobody could help him he was sent property to his mother. One day Arthur chose a house at random and planned on robbing it. Once he got in he realized the owner of the home, Lillian Piper, was asleep inside. Arthur proceeded to rape and kill Miss Piper, and then have a bowl of ice cream from her freezer and drive off in her Cadillac. About an hour later police, to whom he immediately confessed, stopped him.He then told them, You cant do anything to me. I just fourteen. He was sentenced to seven months in reform school. To many, trying children as adults is the only fit punishment, but it has not been as helpful as it s proponents had hoped. Usually, when these children are sent to adult institutions, they are sexually molested and taught new crimes. When the child leaves the institution, which many call their crime school, the child is now more dangerous than he ever had been. There have been many crime camps, instituted with juvenile offenders in mind, as well.At these camps, young offenders mete out part in skills streaming where they learn new ways to deal with real life situations. Whether any of these options really work is really in the eye of the public, and they cannot seem to agree. As Los Angeles police detective Robert Contreras puts it, These kids are getting away(predicate) with murder. They have no respect for anything and joke that in jail theyll at least(prenominal) get three square meals a day. Obviously, it is going to take more than one person to stop what is being called an American epidemic.Every parent, every child, every teacher, and every citizen is going to have to s tand up and help achieve a solution. As of now, the students committing these crimes are not only literally getting away with murder but also being glamorized. Maryanne Britain, a Texas student, points out I cannot name one of the students that was killed in Colorado, but I know the whole biography of the killers. What sense does that make? Miss Britain has pointed out something that many of us dont realize, in our country often times the offenders are mistaken as the victim.We lose sight of the crime at hand and try to blame the problem on society instead of the killers. We are all faced with the same graphic truth, and many of us are able to make it through life without killing anyone. Alone, we cannot accomplish much, but if we stand up to offenders as a nation, we can save the fate that we are now facing. All it will take to save the lives of our generation and many to come is everyone working together. That is when we will take our country back and truly make a difference. Per haps teamwork can be the nations next epidemic.

Everything’s Arranged

The suddenly story Everythings Arranged by Siew Yue Killingley is ab away a Ceyl mavinse girl named Rukumani that having a inexplicable affair with a Ceylonese boy named Devanayagam while studying at University. Both of them passion each other deeply. As they went for longs term vacation, their secret affair discovered by their p arnts. The story tells about how these raw couple, especially Rukumani has struggled and suffered becaexercising of their family members, relatives and their community as they try to return together in life. Her conjugation was arrange against her get wish.The main characters in this story are Rukumani and Devanayagam. Meanwhile, the other characters are Johnny Chew, Amy Wong, Mr. Sambanthan, Susheela, Nadarajah, Rukumanis fetch and grandmother, Devanayagams father and Auntie Sally. As from the story, the especial(a)iseting of the story might be around early coif after our countrys independence. During that time, love marriages are soothe alien t o Indian cultural. The typical India company thought fall in love as a big sin and except arranged marriage is allowed. The conflict of the story is about the rejection of love marriages by old generation.The story reveals the conflict confront by the two lovers, Rukumani and Devanayagam, who are secretly in love. Their parents, who do non know about their love story, induce arranged a marriage for them, and the problem comes when both of them have to marry to a nonher persons. The offset theory that flock be related to the story is womens liberation movement Theory, which can be defined as a recognition and critique of male supremacy combined with efforts to change it. Feminist Theory is an limb of the general move manpowert to empower women worldwide, and it involves every sense, including belief in the amicable, political, and economic equating of the sexes.According to the theory, feminists fight for the equality of women and argue that women should share equally in so cietys opportunities and scare resources. They try to fight for womens right to be equally and fairly treated in the society, regardless of their gender. There are threesome ultimate goals of feminism, which include demonstrating the importance of women, revealing that historically women have been subordinate to men, as well as bringing about gender equity. Feminist Theory is an umbrella term for Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, socialistic Feminism, and also Marxist Feminism.Radical Feminism According to Radical Feminism, male power and privilege is the basis of social relations, and sexism is the ultimate tool used by men to keep women oppressed. As we can see in this story, Rukumani is non allowed to decline the marriage which is arranged by her parents as it is considered as rude. She does not even get the chance to make a decision for her make future. The time for her marriage to be arranged would briefly come Based on this line, we can deduce that sexism is the ultimat e tool used by men to keep women oppressed.Even at the beginning of the story, it is mentioned that Rukumani will before long get married to a guy who she does not know, and it is all arranged by her parents, without considering her feelings. Her father especially, has chosen someone who he thinks is the best for his daughter because of the dirt cheap dowry his family willing to give. Even though Rukumani already has a guy who she loves, she knows that there will be a lot of obstacles that she has to go through for their love, and it might be impossible to continue the relationship because of the arranged marriage.Realizing it or not, Mr Sambanthan, Rukumanis father, is the one who gives oppression to his own daughter. He thinks that it is his right to find someone to be his daughters husband. had proved a disgraceful and shameless hussy by rejecting a crack with a promising lawyer who was willing to accept a cheap dowry because of her B. Sc Rukumani is incriminate as an ungrate ful child after her parents find out about her Chinese friend, Jonny, whom they taught her boyfriend. In this situation, womens oppression is the deepest as the woman in the story has no right to do the things she likes.On that day, Jonny, who is her classmate, came to her house in order to have a talk with her during the long term vacation. However, her little brother and her mother construe about them, by claiming that Rukumani brings her Chinese boyfriend to their house. It is seen as a very shameful and immoral act, that her mother starts to think of what the society might think about their family. Plus, her mother tends to compare her with the neighbours by saying that their daughters have never brought a man into their houses. Rukumani is oppressed and she does not know what to do in order to set her free.Her parents think that the guy whom they want to take as their son in law as the nearly perfect match for their daughter without considering Rukumanis feelings. At the same time, they liked to pretend that Rukumani was too apparitional to know everything about sex According to this line, womens oppression is the most widespread as their lives are arranged that they do not have the chance to plan their future by themselves. Men use sexism as their ultimate tool to keep women oppressed. In Rukumanis family, everything has been planned by her father and no one is capable of objecting it. At times I think of committing suicide tho I am not sure how to knock off myself. Referring to this line, we can conclude that womens oppression causes the most suffering in their lives. In the letter she writes to Auntie Sally, Rukumani has mentioned that she somehow feels to commit suicide for the sadness and oppression she faces because of the arranged marriage. Marrying a guy who she does not even know is not her choice, and she is not willing to do that. At true extent, she bonnie feels like her life is reaching to an end, which she feels hopeless, hence think ing of committing suicide.However, she does not do that as she does not know the way. It clearly shows that the decision made by her father has caused her to suffer in her life she does not have freedom to make a decision for her own life. Liberal Feminism Liberal Feminism is about freedom, which all people are created equal and should not be denied equality of opportunity because of gender. It highlights the efforts on social change through the construction of legislation and regulation of employment practices. However, in this short story, the deviate towards men can be clearly seen. he could go out to shows with his friends. During the long vacation, Devanayagam can still hang out with his friends, but not for Rukumani. In their culture, women are not allowed to freely go out with their friends, and they are strictly controlled by their parents. It is not fair for Rukumani as she also has feelings and freedom to do the things she likes, just like men have. The freedom should be equally given to everyone, regardless of their gender. Just like men, women can as well manage their own lives independently and should not be restricted just because of ones wish.Psychoanalysis According to Sigmund Freud there are parts that involve in domain lives, which are id, ego, and superego. Id allows humans to get their basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on pleasure principal. In other words, the id wants whatever feels bang-up at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. The id does not care about the needs of anyone else it is only its own satisfaction. As in ego, which is the second part, the personality begins to develop after interacting more and more with the world.The ego, which is based on reality principle, understands that other people have needs and desires and that sometimes being impulsive or egoistical can hurt us in the long run. It is the egos job to meet the needs of the id, while taking into consideration the r eality of the situation. The ego acts a balancer or reminder, and it puts limitations to the id. It tells us whether our particular action is right or wrong. In this short story, Mr Sambanthan, who is Rukumanis father, has a very firm id. He does not even care about others feelings whenever he wants to make a decision.He has been arranging Rukumanis marriage without even discussing with her, as knows that he has power to anything he wants to. The time for her marriage to be arranged would soon come and she would find out all about that after she was married. This line clearly shows Rukumani will only know about her own marriage after she get married, and there is someone who is planning for her. With a very strong id, Mr Sambanthan wants the marriage to be successful without even realizing that he is actually being cheating(prenominal) to his daughter.He only takes his feelings into consideration, and neglects others. As a good father, he should first discuss with her daughter, an d think of her feelings, as this bet is related to his daughters future. Instead, he rules everything in the house and once blaming his wife for not teach good morals to Rukumani. Because of this, Rukumani feels so sad and worried if she had to break up with his boyfriend and got married with a guy she does not love, or even knows. At times I think of committing suicide but I am not sure how to kill myself. In the other hand, the ego makes Rukumani not to kill herself because of the problem.Rukumani once mentions in the letter she writes for Auntie Sally that she is thinking of committing suicide as a issue of the pressure she feels. However, she does not do that thing as she is still able to think rationally. Nevertheless, Rukumani also has the strong id as she eventually tells her parents and the guys that she has a boyfriend that she loves. The action is considered as rude, and it is the reason why the guys family rejects her, and do not want to proceed with the marriage.

Caferoma Case Study

Caferoma is a well known brand of coffee tree, promoted as an exclusive overlap with a rigid and slightly bitter taste. The main problem is Caferomas market share has declined by almost 30%. allow me Summarise the reasons for this change Consumers have become less loyal to the brand supermarkets are producing the similar products under their own label are selling at much lover prices Competing products have lower prices (30 to 40 %) Caferoma becoming less fashionable Brand image not up to date s we arouse see from the chart 2 years ago Caferomas sales in Hotels was 30% only if last year it was 25% in restaurants 2 years ago Caferomas sales was 10% but last year it was 15% In supemarkets 2 years ago their sales was 45% but last year it was 30% In specialist shops 2 years ago Caferomas sales was 10% but last year it was 25% Conducting the market survey we have the pursuance results Majority m d r? t? people suppose Caferoma is old-fashioned 70% of people imply Caferoma ha s a good quality 60% of people consider that Caferoma is expensive little bit more than than half of the respondents believe Caferoma is exclusive a less than half of people said Caferoma is value for bullion and almost a third of respondents think Caferoma is ecxiting. I so-and-so propose the following solution hold a new coffee with a new taste and a new name for representative Cafferissima. To introduce the new coffee it forget be good to have a limited variation (maybe coffee with taste of chilli). It is necessary to create a new packet with an exclusive design for fount in gold. Furthermore we give special introduction prices for both coffees.Most people want to try extinct new brands just to know how it tastes this is our advantage. In order to bring the old brand back to life, will be a good idea to give small additional samples on the new coffee package of Cafferissima. Moreover we need a new design of the logo, as the old one is boring. there is no relation betwe en this logo and the exclusive taste of the coffee. Maybe it could be similar to the package of Caferoma (golden, italic type). The next step will be a change of advertising. It is necessary to find the exemplary Italian style for old and young people.I think it would be great to have two varied ads. One ad with an old woman, dressed very exclusively and the other one with a free radical of young people who are having fun, laughing and so on. But both ads will be make at the same place for example a typically Italien square. E-Mail To From Subject RECaferoma decaffeinated premium Blend Date 9th September Dear Mario, the first thing I have to mention is, that the decaffeinated product is available in all supermarkets, but placed on botton shelves Customers wont find the product as unaccented as other products.Most supermarkets sell their own brands because they make more money with it. I think that we bunghole raise our profit by offering the managers cash for displaying our pr oduct in a better position. here some measures to improve the premium blend sales As far as I can see, the price for the premium blend is too high and the packaging looks old-fashioned. Therefore we should reduce the price and gear up a new packaging design. We should also start a new advertising campaign with focalization on the brands qualities. For instance some tasting sessions in big stores. Best regards

Leadership: Theory and Practice Essay

1. Based on the principles of the path-goal possibility, what kind of leaders should David lay out with separately of the three running groups?According Northouse the Path-Goal Theory is about how leaders cause subordinates to accomplish goals (125). Northouse also points out the leadership generates motivation when it improvers the number and kinds of payoffs that subordinates achieve from their work. The basic idea behind the Path-Goal Theory is each type of leader behaviors, which are directional, auxiliary, participative and acquisition oriented have a different king of partake on subordinates motivation.This just now means that the Path-Goal Theory does not lock leaders into one type of leadership. This theory gives leaders the opportunity to adapt their dahs to fit the situation and motivational needs of their subordinates. Based on the compendium of all three groups the Path-Goal Theory would apply different types of leadership behavior. A subordinates characteris tics will determine how a leaders behavior is interpreted by subordinates in a given work situation. Some of these characteristics are needs of affiliation, preferences of structure, desires for control, and so forth. In the first group the members or subordinates are mostly runners who have never ran in a marathon before. The main issue of concern for this group is how should they prepare themselves for the New York urban center marathon.They illustrate this by asking questions like how to do the marathon? how far to run in the homework?, What to eat or drink?. Since this particular group lacks experience there is a massive fury on self-preparation and mellow anxiety among the members. I think as president, David should apply the directive style of leadership in this situation because the task characteristics are ambiguous, there is no set of rules or method on how to execute the marathon, also the runners need self-assuring because of their self-doubt to complete the marathon and is this situation very complex. According to Northouse, directive leadership complements the work by providing guidance and psychological structure for subordinates.Overall this group needs a huge amount of guidance because of their limited experience and high emphasis on preparation. Also Northouse clarifies this when he says that for subordinates who are dogmatic and authoritarian and have to work in uncertain situations, directive leadership helps the subordinates by clarifying the goal, making it less ambiguous and the subordinate feels more comfortable when the leader provides a great sense of certainty in the work setting (129). This in turn gives the runners less anxiety and a clear and direct way to achieve the goal. In the second group, the main issue of concern was how the make of bringing up would impact their performance and they also indigenceed assurances from their leader David because they wanted to know if they were properly happy for the New York marathon. This group of runners wanted a lot of feedback from their leader and showed high level of involvement that would alter their performance. The group was concerned with regular training activities and Davids commitment to them. In this case, David should apply the both adjuvant and participative leadership behavior style. Supportive leadership helps to provide what is missing by nurturing subordinates when they are engaged in tasks that are repetitive and un challenge. Since the group two runners are going to be doing a lot of training and it can become very repetitive. In this leadership role it require David to be very supportive and his runners because of their efforts to continue this mechanized training for the marathon.Another point is the David can apply participative leadership behavior style because as we know the subordinates want a sense of freedom, control and clarity. They illustrate this by initiating their knowledge self-involvement on how they can be more effective in the marathon by asking questions and requiring a huge amount of feedback from David. In the third group, David should apply the achievement-oriented leadership behavior because the runners in this group are veteran(a) runners who finished in the top ten in other races.The subordinate characteristics of this group are high expectations and the need to excel. The group has a lot of confidence in their ability to compete and finish well. However, they lacked inflammation about running in the New York Event because they were usually concerned with the appropriateness of their training system and whether the training would help them to win more races. As a leader, David should challenge his subordinates to perform work at the highest level they can achieve. Norhthouse (2010) says that this leader establishes a high standard of excellence for subordinates and continuous improvement.Northouse also contends that achievement oriented leaders show a high degree of confidence that subordi nates are capable of establishing and accomplishing challenging goals (128). In retrospect, David is the president of Mertrocity Striders Track Club and he can use this achievement as a tool to influence his runners since he knows that they are already high achievers. He can solicit his own credibility as a runner and a president of the organization to promote his belief on achieving success as a runner and person of character.2. What does David have to do to help the runners accomplish their goals? To be an effective leader, David needs to do all of the following (1) attend to the needs of his subordinates, (2) help subordinates define their goals, and (3) the paths they want to take in reaching the goals.3. Are there obstacles that David can remove or help runners to portray? When obstacles contribute in the way, David must help his runners confront them. If obstacles create excessive uncertainty, frustration or panic for his subordinates it is Davids responsibility to remove t hese obstacles or help them around them. In light of this, removing obstacles will increase a subordinates expectation that he or she will be able to get their work done and improve satisfaction. 4. In general, how can David motivate each of the three groups? David can motivate all of the three groups by helping his subordinates reach their goals by directing, guiding and coaching them along the way. This simply means attending to their needs of the group, defining the goals and how the group can reach these goals, clearing the path by removing obstacles to get the work done, and providing support.