Critical Evaluation of Two Articles that Describe the...

Rating an essay is considered a complicated task for raters to remain consistent in their decision making process (DMP) when rating. It is because different raters have different qualities which affect raters’ behavior when assessing writing. Several researchers describe these qualities as raters’ proficiency level, raters’ experiences and tasks as the cause of raters’ inconsistencies in raters’ performance in their studies.Other researchers in recent studies suggest that rating process and rater cognitive process are the main cause of these variabilities.Since the level of variabilities determines both the score validity and the rater’s reliability, it is necessary to identify other causes of rater inconsistencies in the DMP. The purpose†¦show more content†¦While Barkaoui defines DMP as raters behavior related to aspects of writing, Baker applies it to a cognitive process in the ratings. In terms of the methodologies of the two studies, I consider the exploratory design of Baker studies which differentiates itself as a study that strongly emphasizes rater behaviors a more interesting one. According to its conceptual frameworks, Baker carefully added a GDMSI questionnaire and a ‘deferred double score’,an observational quantitative data, to effectively reduce the limitations of its controversial self-report scales in the qualitative protocols presenting a more reliable design for data analysis (Baker, 2012. p.229). Unlike Baker, Barkaoui limits the think aloud protocol as a tool to collect his data. This underestimates interferences of the think aloud protocol in the rating process(Barkaoui, 2010, p.57).The small number of participants may restrict the author from applying other counterbalance methods in such case. Judging from the data collection perspective, Barkaoui’s (2010) study fails to consider the differences of natives and non-native speakers, qualities that may distort the study results as an external factor (p. 57). It is in doubt that such differences have no impact on the rating scores collected while other studies included them as an influential cause in rating performance and inconsistencies. Regarding its data presentation, Baker (2010) demonstrates more distinctive details andShow MoreRelatedDifferences in Rater Behavior1070 Words   |  5 PagesDifferences in rater behaviors are among the factors responsible for variability in the decision making process(DMP) during ratings. The interference of either the rater rating style or rater experience determines the validity and reliability of the rating score and the rater themselves. Factors related to rater inconsistencies identification and measurement in DMP is necessary to avoid factors underlying variability in decision making process . Several studies have identified rater proficiency levelRead MoreEffects Of Disability On Public Health2724 Words   |  11 Pagesindividual may experience in a given situation, regardless of diagnosis, has grown. A recent Google search revealed thousands of relevant books and scientific articles addressing impairments caused secondary to physical, mental health and educational conditions. In part, interest in impairment has been spurred on by a shift towards the evaluation of disability. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004), â€Å"disability† refers to a physical or mental condition that limitsRead MorePerformance Management Effectiveness: Lessons from Worldleading Firms9948 Words   |  40 PagesNetherlands Available online: 30 Mar 2011 To cite this article: Michal Biron, Elaine Farndale Jaap Paauwe (2011): Performance management effectiveness: lessons from world-leading firms, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22:06, 1294-1311 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.559100 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and privateRead MorePerformance Appraisals10210 Words   |  41 Pagescent of the five, four, three-star and heritage hotels, the performance appraisal is done by the immediate supervisor as he is most familiar with subordinates and their work, and he is considered to be the most able man to appraise them. Whereas in two hotels performance appraisal was mostly conducted by the personnel manager. In one and unapproved hotels, the concept of written performance appraisal system was not found, though they conduct performance appraisal but in an informal way. Duration Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesWritten Warning 102 Suspension 102 Dismissal 103 Structured Job Analysis Techniques 121 O*NET and the Department of Labor 121 Position Analysis Questionnaire 122 Purpose of Job Analysis 123 Job Descriptions 123 Job Specifications 123 Job Evaluations 124 Summary 104 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 105 Key Terms 106 107 HRM Workshop The Multifaceted Nature of Job Analysis 124 Job Design 125 Job Enrichment 125 Flexible Work Schedules 126 Job Design and Teams 127 SummaryRead MoreSmart Home Technology10920 Words   |  44 Pagesmanagement of the demands of this population will present new challenges for policy makers, clinicians and the broader community. Smart technologies can assist older Australians to live safely and live well at home and in the community. A number of articles have explored the role of smart technologies however; there is a lack of scientific validation in the literature. This literature review systematically examined over 8,000 papers in six key areas: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Smart homes Robotics VirtualRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesINVESTMENT APPROACHES ......... 58 SUMMARY............................................................... 67 NOTES.................................................................... 74 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table of Contents SECTION TWO .............................................................. 93 The Human Resource Environment........................... 94 TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ............................................................ 96 WORKER VALUES ANDRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages DAVID ULRICH Human Resource (HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish the organizational goals. As human resources have become viewed as more critical to organizational success, many organizations have realized that it is the people in an organization that can provide a competitive advantage.2 Throughout the book it will be emphasized that the people as human resources contribute to and affectRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Goals, Themes, and Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Objectives, Initiatives, Pathways, and Strategies . . . . 111 Activities, Tasks, and Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Evaluation—Accountability in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Planning Hierarchy—An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6—Marketing Information Services . . . .

Ethics Of The Good Life For A Human Being - 1398 Words

In his work, Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle divulges into a philosophical inquiry into the nature of the good life for a human being. Through living with the mean state and with moral virtue, the disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of deficiency and excess, Aristotle explains how one can reach the end purpose of life and achieve eudaimonia, human flourishing. Aristotle’s fundamental claims surrounding moral excellence and habituation allow to one enact the necessary process of moderating thinking and feeling to become a morally excellent person. In order to reach human thriving, one must habituate themself to continually make good choices of the mean state, so that through acting virtuously, one can develop moral excellence in all aspects of their lives. In my experiment, I attempted to habituate temperance in relation to diet. Though somewhat rigorous, my parameters allowed me to succeed in moderating my unhealthy eating tendencies. My baseline parameter of eating three nutritionally balanced meals a day was the most challenging, especially with the limited options in the dining halls. I had relatively few issues with complying with my other parameters of eating a healthy snack per day, limiting myself to one soda per day, and increasing stress relieving activities. Though I was strict with obeying my parameters, I believe that they were successful in allowing me practice using temperance in my diet. Throughout the process, I learnedShow MoreRelatedIslamic and Catholic Views on Genetic Engineering1265 Words   |  6 PagesPrimary and Secondary sources found that Gene Enhancement had no place in the religions of Catholicism and Islam; both believe it is selfish, unnecessary and unethical. It is an embellishment to human vanity and a dditionally, insults human integrity when the offspring is affected by the technology. (What is the Catholic view on genetic engineering? - Mary Meets Dolly. 12/ 05/ 2014.) The Catholic Church In 1983, Pope John Paul II mentioned in an address â€Å"genetic enhancement was permissible- indeedRead MoreThe Good Man Based on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe Good Man Based on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics Plato believed that a man could only become good by knowing the truth, and he could not know the truth without being good. This shows to be somewhat of a paradoxical argument. On the other hand, Aristotle had a different theory regarding the goodness of man. Aristotle claimed that the good man was the norm and the measure of ethical truth. Pertaining to Aristotles definitions, in this essay I will explain the meaning of the previous statementRead MoreThe Ethics Of Virtue Ethics1502 Words   |  7 PagesVirtue ethics is a philosophical theory that focuses on what sort of person one should be, instead of on actions. Aristotle focuses greatly on virtue ethics in his writing, and is a strong believer in a moral person being one of virtue. He is seen as the person whodeveloped the theory. Unlike some of the other ethical theories, virtue ethics focuses on what makes a life moral, not so much how to become moral, or behave morally. For example, utilitarianism questions how one should act in certain situationsRead MoreEssay on Happiness in Aristotle’s work: The Nicomachean Ethics629 Words   |  3 PagesAristotle’s work, The Nicomachean Ethics, consists of numerous books pertaining to Aristotle’s Ethics—the ethics of the good life. The first book discloses Aristotle’s belief on moral philosophy and the correlation between virtue and happiness. The definition of happiness has long been disputed. According to Aristotle, happiness is the highest good and the ultimate end goal—for it is self-reliant. This idea contradicted other common beliefs and philosophical theories. Aristotle opens his work byRead MoreA Paper on Ethics1255 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Introduction There are a variety of different ethical systems that have developed of the course of millennia. However, even though the subject has been covered so thoroughly, it is still heavily debated. The varieties of ethical systems that are in existence look at various ethical problems from different perspectives and can be applied differently in different circumstances. Because of the subjective aspects to applying ethics, they can be as much an art as they are a science. EthicsRead MoreEthics : Value Theory, Normative Ethics, And Meta Ethics1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of ethics has always been up for debate. Ethics as defined by Landau is, â€Å"moral philosophy that focuses on the branch of knowledge of answering question on how we ought to live. (Landau)† In order to grasp a deeper meaning of ethics Landau focuses , â€Å"questions about what our guiding ideals should be, in what sort of life is worth living, and how we should treat one another† (Landau). The purp ose of these questions allows society to focus the key points of ethics, hedonism, physiologicalRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions, which human beings need to ask themselves before acting. One needs to rationalize, if everyone can act as he/ she proposes to act. If any case one gets no as an answer then such individual should not perform the intended act. Furthermore one also needs to consider whether his / her actions respect the human being goals or just merely using them for own selfish ambitions. In addition, if no is the answer, then such action should not be undertaken. Kant’s theory is a good example of the deontologicalRead MoreEthics : Virtue Ethics And Ethics1351 Words   |  6 Pagesvirtue ethics and what does it do that the two major ethical approaches do not? Virtue ethics is one of the three major approaches in ethics. This approach of ethics emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to other approaches which emphasizes duties or rules. Virtue ethics has three central concepts; virtue, practical wisdom, and eudemonia, however, these are often misunderstood. The three approaches of ethics are virtue ethics, consequentialist ethics, and deontology ethics. EachRead MoreCultural Relativism : Moral And Immoral846 Words   |  4 Pagesmoral and immoral? Likewise, everyone have to choose upon his or her ethics because there are no absolutes. There are two types of relativism: cultural relativism and individual relativism. Cultural relativism stated that an action is right if that action consistent with the current, collective, cultural, consensus and the prevailing opinion of society. Cultural is the highest standard, and there is even no such thing is human rights if this theory is right. Cultural relativism is sometimes inapp ropriateRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics1095 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The beginning seems to be more than half of the whole.† ― Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics Ethics is the philosophical study of moral judgements (Solomon: 2010). Moral philosophy has long been dominated by two basic theories; deontology, inspired by Immanuel Kant, the eighteenth century philosopher and; utilitarianism or consequentialism, which derives its modern day instructions from eighteenth and nineteenth century philosophers Jeremey Bentham and J. S. Mills, respectively (Hursthouse:1999)

Bracket International free essay sample

Even though RFID Seems to be faster than bar-coding process but the comparison between the two shows the following: †¢There is a big difference between the two systems for read range. For a passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) for up to 40 feet and active RFID For up to 100 feet, there is no read range required in most cases but a bar code system requires having read range from several inches up to several feet. Also, thousands of pieces can be scanned in much less time as compared to barcode scanning. In a nutshell, it is much quicker than barcode and does not require one person to keep scanning every single item while scanning the barcode with laser technology. 3. What do you recommend Mr. Bracket do in the short and long terms? Explain your reasoning. As stated in the case study, Bracket International had problems adapting quickly to changing customer requirements and as a result they had to deny Wolf Furniture job order request . We will write a custom essay sample on Bracket International or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mr.Bracket needs to slowly bring in the RFID while training staff members on how to use it effectively. Also, he needs to be able to access the RFID support until the whole staff is trained and is fast enough to use the technology and also have a great knowledge of using RFID to meet customer needs as well as being flexible for on-demand point of sale systems.

World War I, 1914

World War I, 1914-18, also called the Great War, c Essay onflict, chiefly inEurope, among most of the worlds great powers. On one side were the Allies(chiefly France, Britain, Russia, and the U.S.); on the other were theCentral Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey). Prominent among thewars causes were the imperialist, territorial, and economic rivalries ofthe great powers. The German empire in particular was determined toestablish itself as the preeminent power on the Continent. The Germans werealso intent on challenging the naval superiority of Britain. However, itwas rampant nationalism-especially evident in the Austro-Hungarian empire-that furnished the immediate cause of hostilities. On June 28, 1914,Archduke FRANCIS FERDINAND, heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne,was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist. One month later,after its humiliating demands were refused, Austria-Hungary declared war onSerbia. Other declarations of war followed quickly, and soon every majorpower in Europe was in the war. On the Wes tern Front, the Germans smashedthrough Belgium, advanced on Paris, and approached the English Channel. We will write a custom essay on World War I, 1914-18, also called the Great War, c specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the first battles of the MARNE and YPRES, however, the Germans becamestalled. Grueling trench warfare and the use of poison gas began all alongthe front, and for the next three years the battle lines remained virtuallystationary despite huge casualties at VERDUN and in the Somme offensiveduring 1916. On the Eastern Front, the Central Powers were more successful. The Germans defeated (Aug.-Sept. 1914) the Russians at Tannenberg and theMasurian Lakes. Serbia and Montenegro fell by the end of 1915. In thesouth, the Italian campaigns were inconclusive, though they benefited theAllied cause by keeping large numbers of Austrian troops tied down there. In Turkey, the Allies ambitious Gallipolli Campaign (1915), an attempt toforce Turkey out of the war, was a costly failure. In the Middle East, T.E. LAWRENCE stirred Arab revolt against Turkey. U.S. neutrality had beenthreatened since 1915, when the British ship LUSITANIA was sunk. By 1917unrestricted German submarine warfare had caused the U.S. to enter the waron the side of the Allies. An American Expeditionary Force, commanded byGen. PERSHING, landed in France and saw its first action at Chteau-Thierry(June 1917). In Mar. 1918 the new Soviet government signed the Treaty ofBREST-LITOVSK with the Central Powers. The Germans were stopped just shortof Paris in the second battle of the Marne, and an Allied counteroffensivewas successful. The Turkish and Austro-Hungarian empires, disintegratingfrom within, surrendered to the Allies, as did Bulgaria. After revolutionerupted in Germany, the armistice was signed on Nov. 11, 1918. The Treatyof VERSAILLES and the other treaties that ended the war changed the face ofEurope and the Middle East. Four great empires-Germany, Austria-Hungary,Russia, and Turkey-had disappeared by the end of the war. Replacing themwere governments ranging from monarchies and sheikhdoms throughconstitutional republics to the Marxist socialist state of the USSR. Thewar itself had been one of the bloodiest in history, without a singledecisive battle. A total of 65 million men and women had served in thearmies and navies; an estimated 10 million persons had been killed anddouble that number wounded. Such statistics contributed to a generalrevulsion against war, leading many to put their trust in multinationaldisarmament pacts and in the newly formed LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

Just for Feet free essay sample

But turn to inventory turnover rate, the number was quite terrible for a retail company. Compare to average number of the industry which is around 2. 8-3. 2, JFF’s faced a serious difficulty on inventory turnover, which led to a potential risk in generating profit. Also the return on assets and equity were below the competitors in the market, and the time interest earned declined very fast during 1996-1998, means that the quality of financing activities was poor. * High-risk financial statement items: For 1998 audit, there were several factors should be carefully concerned. The first was the number of inventory. JFF’s inventory in 1998 consisting more than half of the company’s total assets, which was a high risk factor and need more efforts on physical confirmation and valuation. The second audit red flag was the negative cash flow. The common cash flow for a retail company should be positive and this is especially true for those large, well established ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Just for Feet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So JFF’s situation made it stand out in the industry, and the audit process should focus on this abnormal fact. Moreover, the dramatic increases in debt and the rising of accounts payable should also be considered and require extra audit attention. Q2. Identify internal control risks common to large, high-volume retail. How should these risks affect the audit planning decisions for such a client? Generally speaking, the most possible internal control risk to large, high-volume retail stores is that about inventory. How to count it and value it accurately is always the issue that auditors should concern most. The audit team should examine the company’s period physical count records and perform year-end inventory count by themselves to ensure the accuracy of inventory number. Also, another very important risk area that auditors should pay attention to is the cash accounts. The audit procedures designed to examine whether the financial figures are fairly stated should adjust to adapt to the specific company base on its overall business environment and operating characteristics. In addition, retail companies always adopt cost leadership strategy which minimizes operating expenses. This will result in inconsistency in policies because of decentralization and high employer turnover rate because of low human resource expense, and both these factors will accordingly increase risk of accounting errors or frauds. In order to issue opinion properly for a retail company, auditors should plan appropriate audit test focus on these high risk areas. Q3. Identify inherent risk factors common to businesses facing such competitive conditions. How should these risks affect the audit planning decisions for such a client? Intensively competitive business environment will increase the management’s pressure and thus increase the inherent audit risk of the company. In order to satisfy shareholders or investors, management maybe commit fraudulent financial reporting to cover the company’s worsened operation conditions. In this situation, audit planning should have certain procedures to test the opportunities whether management can commit fraud, such as inquiries of management and employers to establish an overall understanding of the client’s strategies and business, industry and economic environment and competitors’ situations. Also another risk factor that will increase the company’s inherent audit risk is the situation of its cash flow. If a retail company has a negative cash flow which means it not generating enough cash to maintain its operations, the risk of misstatement will accordingly increase. As stated in Q1, auditors should spend more efforts on examine the cash accounts if the cash flow of the company shows some abnormal signals. Q4. Identify the audit risk factors present for the 1998 audit. Rank 5 factors that were the most critical to the successful completion of that audit. Did Deloitte auditors responded appropriately to these factors? * Management pressure under highly competitive business environment. * Large inventory size (more than half of total assets) and low inventory turnover(less than half of the industry average). * Unusual financial reporting â€Å"treatments† such as vendor allowances and income control. * Continuing negative cash flow. * Drastic increase in overall debt during the past three years. * Decentralized business. * Low return on assets and equity. The audit risk factors stated above are in my opinion in descending order of importance to the 1998 audit of JFF. First, the management tone is always the critical aspect whether a company will or will not commit a fraudulent financial reporting. If the management is under high pressure in a highly competitive market at the same time has the opportunities to access inappropriate behaviors, it will result in high possibilities that this company conduct intentional misstatement or omission of adequate disclosure in financial statements. And in the JFF case, the unusual facts such as the low inventory turnover and continuing negative cash flow and dramatic increase in debt are also the areas should be pay enough attention to complete a successful audit. Always these unusual facts will increase the difficulties of the company’s operation sustainability, thus let to high risk of accounting fraud activities happening. To some extent, Deloitte auditors did try to complete professional audit for JFF and adopt several tests to finish this process properly, but on the other hand, they failed to respond enough to the dwindling cash and increased debt. They also failed to discover the fact that JFF’s business consistently grow despite of continuing negative operating cash flows in more than three years. These are all the unusual facts for a well-established and high profit retail company. So in my opinion, Deloitte auditors failed to respond appropriately to all possible audit risk factors, and thus led to their failure in the audit process of JFF. Q5. How would you have responded when being asked to send a false confirmation to Deloitte Touche? Before responding, identify the parties who will be affected by your decision. Commonly, all the parties that involved in the company’s business will be affected by booth income if it is false stated. Actually, this is an intentional manipulation of financial statement which will not be accepted under GAAP and related law. Shareholders, investors, vendors and suppliers, customers and company’s employees all will be affected if this false booth income was stated and thus led to certain punishment or penalty on JFF and ultimately caused the company went out of business. If I was in the position of Thomas Shine in this case, I would say no to Don-Allen Ruttenberg. This is simply because as an auditor, I should preform professionally and comply with AICPA Code of professional conduct. It is not allowed to make false financial statement confirmation when I was clearly know what is happening. This may cause some trouble to my career in the short term like I might lose this client or so, but I believe doing the right thing will ultimately benefit me in the long term career development.

Anatomy of Sex Essay Example

Anatomy of Sex Essay Example Anatomy of Sex Essay Anatomy of Sex Essay Advertising generally assigns quite varied gender roles to both males and females. For example, women are depicted as carrying out tasks that are related to the household such as taking care of children, preparing food, and tending to their husbands. Such depiction essentially assigns ladies the domestic roles of housewives. Conversely, men in advertising are usually depicted as doing more strenuous and challenging tasks such as working in mines, factories, and elegant blue chip companies. Such portrayal allocates challenging tasks which usually require careful mental input to men. How have women been depicted in advertising? In advertising, women are usually depicted as weak individuals who thrive on fantasy as opposed to reality. Further, adverts generally depict women as being inferior to men and thus doing as the men require them to do. This concept is related to the pattern of depicting women as add-ons to men whereby women act as adornments to various entities. For example, beautiful women are featured on adverts popularizing some stunning entities with the view that the women will make the item more acceptable. How does advertising affect the lives of girls? Due to the allure that is usually associated with advertising, girls are usually negatively influenced by adverts. For example, when very thin models are employed in such adverts, impressionable girls usually strive to have physiques resembling those of the models. To this end, the naive girls usually engage in dangerous activities, such as anorexia nervosa, in a bid to resemble advert models. Girls thus suffer due to advertising. How does advertising affect the lives of boys? Owing to the aggressive nature that is encouraged by adverts, boys usually adopt behaviors that degrade and objectify women. The boys thus lose their respect for women and subsequently find having meaningful relationships with women very hard. Are there any biases in this film? There are obvious biases in Jean Kilbourne’s Killing us Softly 3: Advertisings Image of Women movie because the director seeks to portray women as disenfranchised characters in society. The movie is thus aligned towards femininity, blaming men for women’s woes and urging women to reject this trend. HSC 425I: Human Sexuality â€Å"Anatomy of Sex† Discussion Questions: How has evolution affected sex between humans? Evolution has made humans to adopt new styles and modes of conducting sexual intercourse. For example, with time, humans have devised a myriad of sex poses. Further, time has enabled humans to learn of extra ways of conducting sexual intercourse, including oral and anal sex. How did the participants in the film describe orgasms? The film’s participants described orgasms as indescribable phenomena that leave sex partners almost unconscious due to extreme joy. Further, orgasms are described as making the human body to relax in a pleasant way. How did the MRI images change thinking about intercourse? The presentation of MRI photos has altered thoughts on intercourse because through such images, it is discovered that sexual intercourse is a profound biological process that relies on emotional input to succeed. Analyzing this concept shows that intercourse is essentially a natural process that only utilizes minimal emotional input. Thoughts that intercourse is an exclusively emotional activity are thus quashed. How does the brain affect sexual arousal? After a person sees sexually provocative images, signal are send to the brain which after processing relays information to relevant body parts urging for sexual arousal. For instance, the brain may facilitate to increased blood flow into the penis, thus making it bulge. Do you think the film is in anyway biased? Jonathan Grupper’s 2005 Anatomy of Sex movie is not biased in my view because it just candidly presents factual information about intercourse without urging for any specific action. Such objectivity denotes the film as being unbiased. Reference Catterall, M. ; Maclaran, P. ; Stevens, L. (2000). Marketing and feminism: current issues and research. London: Routledge.

Masafi Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Masafi Marketing Plan - Essay Example Masafi product management team has effective designed the logo keeping in the view of mineral water. It effectively simplifies the quality of a product. The mineral water is 100% germ free and effectively tested in laboratory. Usage of hot-fill technology enables to maintain strength of various flavours in the mineral water. Attractive packaging of a product increases the product popularity and identity. Mineral water bottles of each flavour have a particular coloured cap which has created the benchmark within the industry. Constant introduction of several products is a good product extension strategy, but it is recommended that the R & D team and the product management need to monitor the quality factors of every product. In an addition Masafi should desperately target the global market is they had always implemented unique marketing strategies in their business practices. Resources and Recommendation Product strategy consists of planning and execution. These two are key resources f or product strategy. The planning and execution of product strategy takes place in a complex competitive market. Masafi has implanted these resources in the strategy effectively. They have effectively planned and execute the product diversification strategy. It is highly recommended that the product strategy process must be assessable. Moreover they should involve all the stakeholders in this strategy process and should have definable checkpoints. Product Life Cycle (PLC) Product life cycle is an important tool in order to determine the life cycle of a newly developed product. Masafi offers Natural Mineral water, Potato chips, Basmati rice, Fruit juice and Facial tissues. These products have a short life cycle. As day by day the market place...The organization is looking to dominate the global market place by extending their product line. The pure and natural water from the down wells and mountains in Ras AL Khaima is the biggest competitive advantage of the company. The organizatio n has settled the price of every product at a premium price against the high quality of products. The organization is known for its effective CSR activities across UAE. Brand extension and constantly developing new products has some drawbacks too. It is difficult for the organizations to deliver a large order within the deadline without effective logistic and supply chain structure. Masafi uses traditional distribution strategy. In starting years the organization had to face several environmental regulation issues. Masafi used to pack their product in poly ethylene packages. The environment rules and regulations have affected the brand image of their organization. Finally extensive research and introduction of PET packaging has overcome the poly ethylene packaging issues. Now-a-days Masafi is organizing several CSR activities in order to achieve huge reputation in the business field.

Physical Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Physical Geology - Essay Example The landscapes we see around us have many different and varying features, many of which have been fashioned by a number of external forces. Erosion is probably the major force in this respect and it can come from a number of sources, such as wind, water and ice. While these sources can be seen to be unique, in fact in the majority of cases they usually combine within the erosion process that shapes our landscapes. Wind is forceful creator of particular land features, especially in areas where deserts exist, normally close to the equator. In this instance as the warm air rises, forming clouds, the winds blow these away from the equator, both north and south, leaving a dryer condition. As a result, these areas receive significantly reduced rainfall, limiting the amount of vegetation, which would bind the earth’s surface together. The wind also carries particles of plants and rocks with it to create a build up of vegetation and chemical deposits in other areas. The power of the w ind, for example in the form of hurricanes, can have a significant effect on the landscape, as well as destroying human habitats.

Foreign Direct Investment in the Case of Iran Dissertation

Foreign Direct Investment in the Case of Iran - Dissertation Example 3.2.3 FDI in Iran - 1988 to 1995 60 3.2.4 FDI in Iran 1996 to 2003 66 3.2.5 FDI in Iran - 2004 to 2007 to present 73 4.0 Analysis of Findings 83 5.0 Conclusion 103 Bibliography 106 TABLES / CHARTS AND FIGURES FIGURES Figure 1 - Map of Iran 16 Figure 2 - GDP Growth Rate, Iran, 1960 - 2002 39 Figure 3 - Iran Sources of Economic Growth (Raw Labour) 39 Figure 4 - FDI in Iran, Selected Countries and the World 1971 through 1979 43 Figure 5 - FDI in Iran, 1971 through 1979 44 Figure 6 - FDI in Iran, and Neighbouring Countries for Comparison 1971 through 1979 45 Figure 7 - Iran FDI 56 Figure 8 - FDI for Iran and Comparative Nations 1980 to 1987 57 Figure 9 - FDI for... This study seeks to delve into and analyze the flow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with respect to Iran from an historical as well as present day perspective, looking at how the impact of sanctions have affected this area. In addition to the foregoing, this examination shall look at the FDI inflows of neighbouring countries as a comparative analysis to equate the FDI inflows to Iran as a gauge on its receipts. Foreign Direct Investment has larger implications for developing economies and economies in transition as these funds, as well as expertise aid in heightening and improving the production and efficiency performance of industry sectors that aids in economic growth. This study will look at the preceding, incorporating facts and figures dating back to 1971 that shall be broken up into periods that correspond to political developments and or major periods of economic sanctions that thus would impact FDI inflows. The global economy, in today’s terms, has more meaning and applicability than ever before as demonstrated by the recent sub-prime mortgage meltdown that has seen every economy suffer reversals as a result of the impact of tightened credit, the ripple effect of bank failures, massive slowdowns in production and consumer spending. The study concludes that Iran has managed to survive long enough, meaning the first three examined period reviewed, so that since 1996 it not longer is concerned with, if it ever was, sanctions. The economic performance of Iran reflects the impact of sanctions between 1980 through 1994, but as shown, the economy has begun its upward direction again.

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding Human milk is uniquely engineered for human infants, and is the biologically or natural way to feed infants. Breastfeeding, in comparison to feeding breast milk substitutes such as infant formula, has numerous health benefits. It not only has benefits on children and mothers but the society and economy as well. Introduction One of the most useful and natural steps a mother can take for her children is to breastfeed them. Science has proven remarkable health benefits of breast milk that are passed from mothers to their children. The benefits, from the building of antibodies to protect a newborn at birth to the special nutrients to prevent numerous infancy infections, are countless. No other sole step taken by a mother can so drastically impact the present and future wellbeing of her newborn. Breast milk not only benefits the newborn baby, it also benefits the mother, the society and the environment. In this paper the benefits of breastfeeding for both infants as well as mothers will be stated. Also, I will talk about its benefits to the environment and society. Finally, I will discuss what the United Arab Emirates does in terms of breastfeeding. The benefits of breastfeeding for Infants Nutritional benefits Breast milk is a unique nutritional source that cannot adequately be replaced by any other food. It is ultimately the best source of nutrition for a new baby. Many components in breast milk help protect infants against infection and disease. It contains the perfect combination of proteins, fats, vitamins, and carbohydrates. The proteins in breast milk are more easily digested than in formula or cows milk. The calcium and iron in breast milk are also more easily absorbed. Also, in it are Leukocytes which are living cells that are only found in breast milk. They help fight infection. It is the antibodies, living cells, enzymes, and hormones that make breast milk the perfect choice (Brown, 2008). Immunological benefits Most preemies are at risk for infections that can sometimes be very serious, so immune system benefits are some of the most important benefits of breastfeeding a premature baby can have. Human milk has the ability to protect them against infections and serious diseases. It is protects the infants against serious Infections like Diarrhea and Haemophilus Influenza. Children who are on breast feed experience a lower rate of severe diarrheal disease than children that are given formula milk. In a study conducted on a controlled group of infants (age bracket of less than 6 months), it was observed that newborns on breast feed were noticeably protected against haemophilus influenza, type B disease (Cochi, 1986). Evidence suggests that breast milk can carry particular or non-particular immunities to the newborns respiratory tract which is extremely important in the early days after birth when their immune system is not fully developed. Mothers milk protects the newborn babies against respiratory problems like, breathlessness, wheezing and other infections related to the respiratory tract in the initial four months of their life. Children who are given formula milk experience increased risk for, respiratory problems, severe otitis media along with extended duration of middle ear infections due to immature immune system. Breast milk as well plays a vital role in protecting the infants from the infection of Herpes Simplex virus II. It was also confirmed that breastfeeding babies were less likely to die from SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), the reason being the prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections due to strong immunity developed in them because of breast milk (Allen Hec tor, 2005). To sum up, all these findings of different studies strongly indicate that mothers milk develops and enhances the immune system of the newborn babies especially in the very initial years of their life. Cognitive benefits In addition to the nutritional and immunological benefits of breast milk, breastfeeding may help preemies get ahead intellectually. Breast milk is associated with increases in child cognitive ability and educational achievements. Cognitive development of social and psychomotor skills gains increases with the consumption and duration of breastfeeding. According to Horwood and Fergusson such effects are relatively long lived extending not only throughout childhood but also into young adulthood (1998). Children who consume human milk in early days of their life have a significant higher level of IQ at the age bracket of seven and eight than those kids who did not get their mothers milk (Erterm, 2001). In fact, studies suggest that nutrients present in breast milk may have a significant effect on neurologic development in premature and term infants. Breastfeeding is associated with a 3.16-point higher score for cognitive development compared with formula feeding after adjustment for sign ificant covariates (Anderson et al, 1999)*. Health Benefits to Moms Who Breastfeed The babies are not the only ones who benefit from breastfeeding. Moms also benefit from breastfeeding their premature babies. Breastfeeding not only reduces the risk of breast cancer but also plays a role in preventing endometrial, ovarian and cervical cancers. It reduces the risk of anemia and Protects against health issue related to bones like osteoporosis and hip fractures later in life (Heacock, 1992). It also greatly helps the body of the pregnant women to return to its earlier shape faster, helps in losing the extra weight during pregnancy and also plays a very important role in the contraction of the uterus after delivery to control postpartum bleeding. The fat stores of the body are consumed to produce human milk which can easily burn from five hundred to fifteen hundred calories every day. Breastfeeding the babies also delay the return of fertility and thus provide a natural gap between subsequent pregnancies. It also develops a special bonding and emotional relationship bet ween the mother and the baby (Brown, 2008 Dimes Foundation, 2010). Benefits to the environment and the Society Breastfeeding also has economic advantages; its cheaper than buying formula and helps avoid medical bills later because it helps equip the baby to fight off disease and infection. According to the Unicef financial benefits is associated with breastfeeding. Higher breastfeeding initiation and duration rates would significantly improve the health of a nation. Breastfeeding babies and their mothers are at lower risk of certain illnesses. There are therefore potential cost savings for the wider health care system (2006). In fact, it reduces both direct costs such as clinical or hospital fees and indirect costs such as formula costs (Weimer, 2001). Thus, breastfeeding is also linked to the environment. Breastfeeding the young ones decreases the use of raw material, energy and other resources required in the manufacturing, packing, distributing, promoting and disposing of waste materials of formula milk which ultimately reduces global pollution (Lance, 2007). Breastfeeding in United Arab Emirates Conclusion It is concluded that not a single brand of formula milk can replace the properties and nutrients of breast milk, regardless of the addition of vitamins, supplements and minerals; it is and will essentially stay a chemical formulation. Human milk has nutritional, immunological, and developmental benefits for the child, as well as physiological and emotional benefits for the mother. It also holds several benefits for the environment and society. The United Arab Emirates

Adilf Hitler :: essays research papers fc

Nazi belief, and murder of the Jews a key policy. 2 German laws made by Hitler soon required everyone who had one or more Jewish grandparent to register. Those with one grandparent may have escaped but if you had two grandparents you were sent to a concentration camp and classifed as a Jew. One night symbolizing the begining of mass persecution was Kristallnacht, November 10th, 1938, "the night of broken glass". Jewish stores and houses were attacked, synagogues burned, and many Jews were sent to concentration camps. During this time, there were a few countries that would accept Jews. Hitler launched World War 2 by marching into Poland in 1939. Most of Western Europe then fell into the FÃ ¼hrer (Hitler), who had personal command of the troops. Germany invaded the soviet Union in 1941, but Hitler, Crazed with power, had lost his military judgement. His failure to Capture Stalingrad, 1942 - 1943, was the turning point; unable to cope with defeat, he refused to recognize it o r negotiate for peace. As the tide of war turned against him, his mass annhiliation of Jews, socialists, gypsies, and others was excelerated. After the Second World War had began in 1939, the Nazi's dropped all restrictions they had previously made towards the systematic murder of all Jews. In countries such as Europe, steps were made for Jews to follow in order to be seperated from the rest of the population. First Jews were required to register, then they were known to the Gestapo. Some families sent their children to live with christian families and live under an assumed identity. Hitler sent The Jews of Poland to live in poverty stricken ghettos where they were exposed to disease and malnutrition. With the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the Nazi policy of murder began to operate with no restrictions. The armies in Russia were followed by an "extermination squad" who shot hundreds of thousands of people, the majority being Jewish. The Nazis had already setup thou sands of concentration camps to imprison anyone who imposed them. These now began to operate as factories of death. Auschwitz was the biggest of these death camps, a city of barricks where hundreds of thousands of people starved to death amid indescribable brutality. At it's center stood gas chambers and creamatoria design to take train loads of human beings, gas them and burn them.

Gay Bashing

In 2008, 190 homosexuals were killed in Brazil, one every two days, known as a 55 percent increase on the previous year. The annual report on murders of homosexuals, according to the Grupo Gay da Bahia from Brazil, says that 64 percent of the victims were gay men, 32 percent were transvestites, and four percent were lesbians. This is absolutely astonishing. Even though homosexuals have chosen an alternative lifestyle, they still deserve to live a normal life without being victimized of physical harm for their choices.Homosexuality is not â€Å"normal† in biological terms. If it were normal, then everybody would be homosexual and that is self-evident. Homosexuals are actively striving to convince us that homosexuality is â€Å"normal,† but they confuse frequency and familiarity with normality. Today's world is more familiar with homosexuals, their reputation, their struggles, their status in the population, but that doesn't change the underlying biology: homosexuality is not â€Å"normal. We are all people. People who love, cry, eat and breathe just like everybody else does. If homosexuality is not â€Å"normal,† then what is it? Homosexuals, and heterosexual as well, argue that it is not a choice, but inherent to who they are. With certain qualifications for people of confused identify, it is acceptable to believe that homosexuality is rooted in biology, and that the individual doesn't choose it. The American researcher Dean Hamer published research that seemed to prove that homosexual orientation could be genetically transmitted to men on the x chromosome, which they get from their mothers† (Am I Gay? ). If it is rooted in biology, and is not normal, then therefore, homosexuality must be a genetic quirk, a genetic mutation that causes a person to have a sexual identity that is innately in contradiction with that person's physical self and with the natural instinct to pass one's genes to the next generation through procreation with a person of the opposite sex.If science proves homosexuality is innate, is there any basis to deny gays equal treatment — including the right to marry? But if scientists unravel the roots of sexual orientation, will it some day be possible to â€Å"fix† people who don't fit the norms or abort fetuses likely to be born gay? † (Doughton). In our culture, the victim of gay bashing is considered the sinner. That's why so often the crimes against homosexuals go unpunished until someone is found beaten, burned and tied to a fence post. There is a pat psychological answer–gays are threatening to us because of homosexual tendencies built into the human psyche, which frighten us and which we must put away from us†¦at any time, in any culture it seems to be convenient to have a group of people who can be demonized and excluded†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stop Bashing Gay People). The verbal taunts and persecution of people because of their sexual orientation are so commonpla ce they set the stage for murderers who think it's no crime to hate gays and to act on that hate. â€Å"It is that instinctual fear of rape that drives much of homophobia.Straight men often instinctually see gay men as a threat, and they instictively fear that threat. It's a fear of a loss of control, of dominance, of status† (Bidstrup). As anybody can tell, the opportunity to be threatened, humiliated and to live in fear of being beaten to death is the only â€Å"right† our culture grants on homosexuals. If you listened to the opponents of laws designating gay bashing as a hate crime, you'd think there really was some fundamental difference between being a black man, who is beaten and dragged behind a truck, and being a gay man, who is beaten, his skull crushed, and left tied to a fence to die. Gay bashing also sends the message that whether a person is actually lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or queer, if they are perceived by others as being so, a negative (a nd potentially violent) reaction may occur† (Matzner). The only real difference is the nickname the killers use to describe the victim. The one used for the black man is considered an obscenity so appallingly offensive, it can't be written, printed, or projected verbally. The one used for the gay man is a common expression. It's familiar in schools, comedy routines, the media, and on street corners all across America.There is the perception that homosexuals are a socially acceptable target. Therefore, when young people are asked, they will justify and defend targeting gay people as inferior. â€Å"Gaybashing is the most socially acceptable, and probably the most common, type of hate crime, especially among male teenagers and young adults† (Matzner). There's a belief nowadays that it's not so cool to assault racial minorities. It's not so cool to assault women, Blacks or Jews. But assaulting gays is actually something humorous to a lot of young people. It's probably the last socially acceptable group to assault.Part of it is related to the fact that discrimination against gays is still legalized and encoded. That sends a message to young people that, if gays don't have equal rights in employment, housing, child custody, the military, or marriage, then there's something wrong with them, and nobody's going to mind if we have some fun at their expense. According to statistics released by the FBI, hate crimes that are specifically committed in relation to the victims sexual orientation have risen over the past three years. There were 1,017 reported in 2005, 1,195 in 2006 and 1,265 in 2007.The FBI reported a 6 % increase in hate crimes against gay, lesbian and transgender people in 2008. A gay-bashing incident took place in Vancouver in March of this year. â€Å"He’s a faggot. He deserved it. I’m not a fag. The faggot touched me. He deserved it,† the accused said to a witness. Richard Dowrey, a 62-year old man was punched in the fac e at a pub and has left him clinging to life in the intensive care unit at a local hospital. The force of the punch threw him backgrounds, falling to the ground and hitting the back of his head. â€Å"Most commonly, respondents said that they were defending themselves against sexual predation† (Franklin).The man will live with permanent brain damage for the rest of his life. Unfortunately, this incident was humorous to someone. What if you were the man who had to live as a vegetable for the rest of your life? Nobody should think that there is not a possibility of this happening the other way around. It may not be as likely, but there is always that possibility of a homosexual physically harming a heterosexual just for being heterosexual. Gay bashing occurs even among children of very young ages, and in this instance, it was too late. 11 year-old Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover was found dead after he hanged himself earlier this week by tying an electrical cord around his neck that was fastened to a support beam in his home. The child had enduring day after day of taunting with anti-gay slurs at the school he attended† (Hipps). People don’t realize that they go too far with the unbearable taunting. Not only may it lead to physical harm, but it really affects people emotionally and to the point that they may inflict harm upon themselves because they have lost their self-esteem. Being homosexual may not be the norm, but they are human beings just like the rest of the world.They have feelings as well. Another example of a gay bashing tragedy: the heart-wrenching story of Brandon Teena, a young transsexual murdered in a hate crime, which took place in the 90’s. Brandon was born biologically a female, but lived as a male. Because of this, he was subsequently brutally beaten, raped and murdered. His life story and death was later portrayed in the Academy Award winning film, â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry. † This story was brought to life agai n for people to manifest the horrific actions that did and still do take place in our prejudice society.It is needed to have these stories known and fleshed out. It is unfortunate that our society lives in a country where hate crime legislation is not necessary, but it is. If a crime is committed because of a prevailing prejudice, that prejudice will only subside when we as a society are having an active conversation to bring the issues out into the open. The more they get shoved into the dark, the darker and more horrible they become. Acts and laws need to be passed in order to bring these issues to light in a way that the media cannot ignore.It would be the best way to both bring these crimes to justice and bring about cultural change in our society about a minority group. â€Å"The cost to society is enormous, not just to the gay person, but to his family, his acquaintances, his employers, and to society as a whole† (Bidstrup).Works Cited â€Å"Am I gay? Are you born gay? Can you stop being gay? † Bidstrup, Scott. â€Å"Homophobia: The Fear Behind The Hatred. †The Nature of Homophobia. 3 September 2000. Doughton, Sandi. â€Å"Born gay? How biology may driveorientation. † Seattle Times. 19 June 2005. Franklin, Karen. Why Do People Say Gay bash? † Assault onGay America. 1995-2008. Frayssinet, Fabiana. â€Å"RIGHTS-BRAZIL: Gay-Bashing Murders Up55 Percent. † IPS News on the Web. 22 April 2008. Hainsworth, Jeremy. â€Å"Community demands court treatgaybashing as a hate crime. † Where Queers Conspire. 26March 2009. Hipps, James. â€Å"11 Year Old Hangs Himself Over Gay Slurs. †Gay Agenda. 2008. 11 April 2009. Matzner, Andrew. â€Å"Gaybashing. † Social Sciences. 2004. 19August 2005. Schneider, Walter H. â€Å"Gay Violence Statistics. † Fathers ForLife. 1998-2008. 1 April 1998. â€Å"Stop Bashing Gay People. †

De Stijl essays

De Stijl essays Although the De Stijl movement was not the renowned development that cubism or surrealism turned out to be, it nevertheless carried quite an influence into the art world and the design of architectural workings. Despite a fairly fleeting exposure, the De Stijl group could possibly be considered the most important contribution made by the Netherlands towards the development of modern art. The aftermath of the first world war left many counties in a desperate state of repair, however, do to the Netherlands neutral stance during the war they were left fairly undisturbed, physically at least, lending a perfect situation for new ideas to evolve from stirring Dutch minds. Though the movement disseminated throughout Europe and America, the movement was meant to be and almost had to originate form the Netherlands itself. For generations the Netherlands had been built up with industry and mechanical structures. Precision and accuracy were a part of the culture, straight lines and right a ngles could be seen everywhere. The very nature of Hollands society could not help but fuel the inspiration for the perfection and consistency of the De Stijl movement. The 14 year stint of De Stijl lasted actively from 1917-1931. Originally founded by Theo Van Doesburg, other main artists like Piet Mondrian, Van der leck, and Gerrit Rietveld formed together with similar ideas and concepts to further and refine into one concept: the style. The group gained more unity with the 1918 publication of the De Stijl manifesto in their own De Stijl magazine. Their manifesto urged their call to advance and distance themselves form traditional means of artistic portrayal and undertake a new outlook. The first point of the manifesto reads: There is an old and a new consciousness of the age. The old one is directed towards the individual. The new one is directed towards the universal. The conflict of the individual and the universal is ref...

Mrs Joe and Mr Joe Relationship Essays

Mrs Joe and Mr Joe Relationship Essays Mrs Joe and Mr Joe Relationship Paper Mrs Joe and Mr Joe Relationship Paper Through the relationship and Interaction of Mr.. And Mrs.. Joe, Dickens has fundamentally questioned the overall role of a male and a female and how this characterizes Joe alongside his actions. By analyzing the historical context of Joe in the growing up in an oppressive and physically abusive household, readers are provided insight to the selfless traits that he possesses and why he allows himself to be subordinate to Mrs.. Joe. When the gender roles of his marriage are reversed and sections him to act as the masculine man of the house, the traditional gender stereotypes are both reinforced and questioned to give overall meaning to the creative novel. Throughout the Victorian era, it was socially accepted and recognized that men should establish their dominance with physical and brutal force. Dickens fundamentally questions this ideology through the Inverted relationship of Mrs Joe and Joe Gagger. This reversal of dominance Is established In the beginning when Pip reminisces that Mrs Joe, throwing the door wide open, and folding an obstruction behind it Applied Tickler He concluded by throwing me- I often served as a connubial missile. . From the beginning Mrs Joe is depicted as the dominant figure that provides the discipline, in a non-maternal manner, alongside her trusty companion Tickler, who we find out is a leather whip. Explain why Dickens uses violence to reverse role. Not only does Mrs Joe direct her anger towards Pip, Joe is a regular boxing bag to the strikes of Mrs Joe as she threw a candlestick at Joe, burst into a loud sobbing, got out the dustpan†which was always a very bad sign- put on her course apron, and began cleaning up too terrible extent. The editor of the Hull Packet remarked that wife beating was being accepted as the habit of the nation and a mans duty was to correct his wife or partner. Welsh medieval law expert was quoted in the Daily Telegraph stating that a man may beat a woman with a stick or rod as thick as his middle finger and as long as his forearm . However, in Great Expectations, Dickens decides to reverse this habitual understanding of woman beating and provide Insight of the other understated possibility. Novel Guide adds that when Women suffered from the abuse of their husbands they were expected to peep the marriage together regardless Joe, although terrified of Mrs Joe, is a very honorable man and would never consider divorcing his wife. Through this condition, however, Joe appears to be even a more honorable man to choose to preserve the sacred marriage rather than seek his comfort. This Initially characterizes Joe as unalterably loyal and dependent as well as undertaking the stereotypical female role of the Victorian era. During the sasss, the family structure showed men as the head of the household, distributing discipline and taking ultimate control. The father was nearly feared throughout the family due to the power that he reinforced daily whilst offering guidance and support was part of a womans duty and was therefore seen as a feminine role. However, in the beginning Joe is characterized as a sensitive, man who serves as PIPs moral compass and clearly separates right and wrong dally confides in Pip saying that l wish there werent no Tickler for you, old chap But this is the up-and-down-and-straighten it, Pip, and I hope youll overlook shortcomings Joe acts as a stable character whos morals and values are completely carved in stone ND unalterable, even by the blows of Mrs.. Joe. Dickens creatively applies Joe to be a product of a domestic violent household in order to explain the preserving of his dysfunctional marriage. The context develops his character further throughout the novel as an understated and subtle hero. In the seventh chapter, readers are provided an in-depth explanation as to why Joe allows himself to be oppressed by Mrs Joe. He confides in Pip explaining that My father, Pip, he were given to drink, and when he were overtook with drink, he hammered away at my mother most unmerciful. It were ammos the only hammering he did, indeed, excepting at myself.. And he hammered at me with a wigwag only to be equaled by the wigwag which he didnt hammer at his IANAL. Knowing his background, the readers are able to understand why Joe has resorted to passive- aggressive behavior rather than mimicking the pain his father caused to both himself and his mother. Joe is stuck in his childlike past, being regularly beaten and in a position to please others as well as protecting one particular character, in this particular time period is Pip. Through his history, we can interpret Joe as a protector ND guardian for the underdogs, to act as a voice to those who are in need and as an ultimate Victorian superhero for Pip in the same way he was to his mother. We can deduce that Joe has strategically chosen to marry a dictating woman in refusing to be a part of the domestic violence culture, and therefore, save another female from the undeserving violence as well as refusing to witness the tears released as a result of his blows. However, in doing so he still remains the innocent child who accepts his oppression, and substitutes as an almost female role. Dickens enables the character of Joe to be emphasized as a selfless character who would rather take the pain on himself than cause the violence to another being. The relationship between Mr And Mrs Joe Gagger is subverted once again to the dominant patriarchal structure of the Victorian era to develop the character of Joe in testing his dominance and leadership. After a brutal attack leaves Mrs Joe incapable of self-sufficiency, Joe takes control of the situation and acts as the head of the household and is forced into the role of a man. Dickens could be questioning that, spite Joeys refusal to act as a puppet of the Victorian culture, Mrs Joeys destiny of being beaten has been ultimately fulfilled nonetheless. This can be taken through a feminist critique of the notion that women are created to be oppressed and physically diminished. Joeys unintentional oppression of his wife completely contradicts his original submissive, childlike nature, where he has been programmed to be controlled. Alternatively, Joeys mental stance has stagnated at this point in his childlike mindset and now is arguably on the same level or even lower than his brain imaged wife. A feminist viewpoint could question that although Joe holds a power stance over the female, is his mental capability enough to enforce the role? Dickens could also be reinforcing that Mrs Joe still has the ability to dominate Joe without the in which he originally was trained to despise. However, when individuals are forced into a role, they can either live up to the position or fall short. The change in circumstance doesnt change his attitude or personality; instead it develops his leadership and empowers Joe to be dominant and confident in his actions. Joe becomes the ultimate caregiver alongside his compassionate and considerate nature, taking care of his wife with unconditional love. Through the stereotypical Victorian gender roles, Joe is identified as a reasonable and moral man who remains selfless throughout his constant physical abuse. His historical context has explained his marriage to an abusive wife and especially his generous and kindhearted nature. Even though Mrs Joe serves as a tyrant for whom Joe is made helpless, he acts as a representation of a hegemonic society, which accepts oppression.

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Scholarship - Essay Example Nurses often work with patients on one-on-one basis and assist the patients in recovery and rehabilitation. Nursing also provides growth opportunities. With the rise in population, a lot more nurses are needed in USA and hence nursing provides opportunity for high level of growth. The baby boomer generation of USA is also getting old and hence the demand of our knowledge, values and idealism is likely to increase. Nursing is also an exciting and fast paced career. The nurses usually do not go through repetitive jobs and the job offers something new each and every day. Nursing career also offer flexible schedules. If someone wants to work from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M then nursing provides that opportunity too. If someone wants to work on rotational shifts or part time contract basis, there is room for that too. Knowledge is the core reason for the success in career. As a nurse one must know that diseases and symptoms of the diseases. One must be able apply the classroom knowledge along with the skills in the workplace to become a successful nurse. Another most important factor is the personal value and the belief to be a caring and compassionate person. This is something that is usually installed in a person from the family upbringing. A nurse is not only providing care to the health of the patient but also serves the emotional needs. Apart from this there are also ethical and human rights issues. Showing respect to the patients and the profession as well carrying out all the tasks with full dedication and honesty is extremely important for a nurse (Daly 10). This scholarship would make the students eligible to receive funding for the tuition fees along with other educational costs. The scholarship is a selective program that would help the students to get rid of the financial burden. In this way the students would also be able stay a lot more on the career objectives. Here it needs to be mentioned that

4RFUTURE Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4RFUTURE Organization - Assignment Example   In order to make students between the ages of 18-25 more aware about their impacts on resource depletion and overpopulation, we are planning to incorporate Guerilla Marketing by traveling across the U.S. to a variety of universities to speak about their effects. Our goal is to increase the number of students’ knowledge of resource depletion and overpopulation 40% across the 10 largest colleges in the U.S. over three weeks. While our budget may be low, we are thankful to the World Health Organization, and the Forest Stewardship Council, supporters in both educating people about the issue of overpopulation, and using recyclable resources. Both organizations plan to fund our trip across the nation (which includes driving in hybrid vehicle), and the cost of our thousands of flyers.   Along with using Guerilla Marketing as part of our campaign, 4RFUTURE plans to hand out plantable informational flyers in order to spread the word about our campaign. These flyers contain wild f lower, herb, or vegetable seeds that can be replanted into the earth. Furthermore, we plan to promote a paid internship program for the following year, where interns will not only be able to put that experience on their resume, but they will travel across the nation to 10 different universities with hopes of further spreading the issue of overpopulation. ... The surveys will provide us with a basis of what our target market knew before and after our presentations; ultimately adding to our research about how we can further educate our target market, or the areas in our campaign that require change. Strengths: †¢ We act on our own campaign. We recycle, we replant our flyers, and teach others how to do it. †¢ Since we are passionate about teaching our target market about their impacts on resource depletion and overpopulation, we’re traveling across the nation with funds from reliable sources, and on a cost-efficient budget. †¢ Our trip across the nation will be driven in a hybrid car to show our dedication in decreasing carbon emissions and helping the environment. †¢ We are original. Rather than using media to convey our goals and objectives, we’re using a social marketing campaign in order to interact with our target market. †¢ Part of our social marketing campaign includes a paid internship program for students interested in partaking in the same trip the following year. Weaknesses †¢ Students that throw away our flyers, and disregard our message. †¢ Students who don’t support our message. †¢ Students who think other issues are more important, and counteract our objectives. †¢ Traveling on a low budget. †¢ Limit of universities that we’re presenting to. Opportunities: †¢ No other organization is doing a campaign like ours; targeting students with a main focus on overpopulation and resource depletion. †¢ No other organizations have incorporated an internship program that will enable students to participate in the same campaign. †¢ A large market to reach, because we’re traveling across the nation! †¢ We

Siebel Forced-Ranking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Siebel Forced-Ranking System - Essay Example In a sense, force ranking is a more truthful way of implementing performance management. Managers are forced to differentiate talent and the process of forced ranking also forces managers to spot and champion talent. Since the forced-ranking system requires that criteria for ranking need to be set first and foremost, the system also provides information that conventional performance appraisal systems cannot. The deliberations among managers in determining criteria help them define and understand what are important for success of the organization. Subsequently, knowing the criteria that managers use to appraise performance increases the probability that employees will adjust their behavior in order to succeed. A forced-ranking system can also provide an independent verification of performance appraisal data. Significant variations in the talent data provided by the performance appraisal system and the data provided by the forced ranking process should be worth delving into. Better performing employees may be motivated by a forced-ranking system because they feel appreciated and not treated in the same way as underperformers. In terms of teamwork and collaboration, forced-ranking may also have a positive effect, because those who do not want to cooperate with the team or in a collaborative effort are eliminated. Organiz Organizations implementing forced-ranking may be attractive to high-quality job applicants who would see such a system as one where their contributions would be recognized and rewarded and would therefore be eager to work for the organization, thereby improving the overall quality of the applicant pool. Company investors may view a forced ranking system as management's commitment to accountability and to operations efficiency. Cons May be unfair to people performing at an acceptable level, with attendant legal repercussions in terms of human rights. May create an unhealthy star-cult culture. It may not possible to continually improve the overall potential of a workforce by removing the bottom dwellers and replacing them with better employees. As standards are raised, it would be more difficult to find applicants to replace those that have been removed. A job applicant who is aware that an employer uses a forced ranking system may feel that such a culture would be stressful or risky, and not consider the organization, causing the loss of high-potential applicants. Shareholders might not agree with a forced ranking system because of potential lawsuits or other negative consequences. Some companies using forced ranking have become embroiled in discrimination lawsuits brought by employees upset over dismissal or lower pay (Levinson, 2003). The system may create a dysfunctional, hypercompetitive work environment where employees refused to collaborate with one another, such as hoarding knowledge or hoarding customers,

Troubleshooting Common Diesel Engine Problems Essay Example for Free

Troubleshooting Common Diesel Engine Problems Essay Engine wont start Is the fuel fresh? If untreated fuel is more than a month old, this fuel will start to break down and engine stalling (in addition to fuel system component gumming) can result. Thats why its important to either drain the gas from your outdoor power equipment before it sits idle during the winter, or add a fuel preservative/stabilizer to the fuel. To prevent the fuel from going stale purchase a replacement Fresh Start Fuel Cartridge for your Fresh Start Fuel Cap, OR purchase our Advanced Fuel Treatment and mix the prescribed amount with your gasoline. Even better, keep a gas can solely for your outdoor power equipment filled with gasoline treated with our Advanced Fuel Treatment. That way, you will always have a supply of fresh, treated fuel used specifically for your outdoor power equipment. If youve got stale gas in your equipment, drain the gas from the fuel tank completely and dispose of it properly, following your local municipalities regulations. NOTE: In most cases, this older fuel can be added to your cars fuel tank with no harmful effects. Sometimes removing the old fuel and replacing with fresh, treated fuel may just solve the problem. If not, drain the old fuel and spray the inside of the fuel tank and carburetor with some carburetor cleaner. Finally, remove any sediment from the fuel tank and add fresh, treated gas. Another thing to consider is that certain equipment manufacturers place a plastic packing plug between the gas cap and gas tank. In order for there to be proper venting, ensure that this plug is removed. If stale fuel is not at fault, next look at the ignition system. Did the engine suddenly stop after striking an object? If so, you likely sheared the flywheel key, which upsets the engines ignition (spark) timing. Engine Runs Poorly Is the oil level low? When you pour fresh oil into the crankcase, its a golden or amber color. Gradually, the heat, dirt particles and agitated air in the crankcase cause the oil to darken. Dark oil is not only dirty; it has also lost much of its ability to coat and protect engine components. Manufacturers recommend  changing the oil in your small engine after every 25 hours of operation. For a new engine, youll also need to change the oil after the first five hours of operation. New engines require this extra step to flush out small particles that accumulate naturally during the break-in period. Hours of use are just one factor in determining how often the oil should be changed; the amount of wear and tear is equally important. Just like the oil in a vehicle operated in extremely dirty or dusty conditions or at high speeds, the oil in a lawn mower or other small engine breaks down faster under tough conditions, such as wet grass, heavy dust, high temperatures and rough or hilly terrain. Avoid overfilling your crankcase. Too much oil can cause the same type of engine damage as not having enough. Air bubbles form in the oil, reducing overall lubrication. The resulting friction and metal-to-metal contact can cause premature part failure. Excess oil can also burn in the cylinder, producing smoke and leaving carbon deposits. Engine Wont Start A no-start condition is one of the most frequently encountered engine problems. If there is a clicking noise but the engine does not crank it generally indicates a battery issue. An engine that cranks but will not start is indicative of a fuel or ignition problem. Common reasons an engine wont start: Low or discharged battery Corroded or loose battery cables Starter motor relay failure Ignition switch failure Defective fuel pump Clogged fuel filter Service Engine Soon Light The Service Engine Soon light is designed to illuminate whenever a fault is detected in any of the sensors attached to the emission, engine, or powertrain controls. The purpose of the service engine soon light is to alert the driver to a potentially serious fault that requires repair. Blue exhaust smoke along with the service engine soon light may indicate a fuel  system fault caused by an engine oil leak. An ASE certified mechanic can retrieve the trouble codes from within the onboard electronic control module and determine the specific cause. Frequent service engine soon light causes: Loose or missing gas cap Spark plugs or wires that are worn out or damaged Electronic control module failure Defective distributor or coil packs Emissions control fault such as the oxygen sensor Fuel quality issue Overheating Overheating is most generally caused by a low coolant level. A quick check of the coolant overflow reservoir will indicate if coolant is leaking. Most cars are equipped with temperature gauges or warning lights that will alert the driver to an overheating issue. Frequent overheating can cause serious and expensive engine damage. Proper maintenance of the cooling system is vital in order to maintain the quality of the coolant and to make certain the cooling system is in good operating condition. Additionally, a cracked head or blown head gasket can also cause overheating, coolant loss and white exhaust smoke, which may indicate the need for engine repair. Common reasons for overheating: Faulty thermostat Dirty or low coolant level Non-functioning cooling fan Kinked or broken radiator hose Internal or external coolant leak Defective radiator cap Dirty air filter The Most Common Small Engine Problems Many owners of small engine vehicles such as lawnmowers, golf carts, motorcycles and snowmobiles make the costly mistake of replacing their engines or entire vehicles simply because they believe the engine is beyond  repair. That is rarely the case, and what many small engine owners dont realize is that replacement kits are easy to use, cost effective, and can get your old mower or motorcycle running like new again. The first thing to do when considering a small engine replacement kit is to identify what is wrong with your current engine. Problems fall into two basic categories; failure to start and problems running after the engine has started. Just because your engine wont start doesnt mean it is dead. There are a number of reasons an engine might not start. There may be fuel line problems. Make sure you check to see that the fuel tank is full, that the fuel is fresh, and that the shut-off valve is closed. The fuel line or inlet screen could also be blocked or the fuel tank cap c ould be clogged. These are basic fuel line problems that can easily be remedied with replacement and repair kits. Carburetor problems are another reason an engine might not start. The carburetor could be blocked or the engine could be flooded. There might be problems with the spark plug or the choke on the fuel bowl could be set too high. These are also relatively easy problems to fix with the appropriate instructions and equipment. Another obvious cause for a dead engine is an ignition problem. A number of things could be wrong with the spark plug; its contacts could be dirty, the plug gap could be set incorrectly, the lead could be faulty, or the kill switch could be shorted. These all require basic replacement or repair and are a snap with a proper kit. If you have a compression problem in your small engine you would want to check the valves, pistons, cylinder, or connecting rods. These could be dirty, stripped, or otherwise damaged, and would prevent the engine from starting properly or at all. Many small engines will start correctly but have problems running properly. These can pose more danger to your vehicle than an engine that simply wont start. If left to themselves, simple problems such as overheating and emitting smoke can eventually ruin an engine and require a full-on replacement. Overheating engines can be dangerous for a vehicle as well as its operator. Lack of oil is one of the most common reasons for overheating, as is a dirty engine. Beyond that, there may be shrouds or cooling fans missing within the engine or the gasket could be leaking. The fuel mixture might be too lean, another carburetor problem. Simply cleaning or replacing the fuel tank vent and fuel tank screen can also help reduce the chance of your engine overheating. Fixing overheating problems yourself  with replacement or repair kits is much less expensive than taking the engine in for repairs or simply buying a new engine. If your small engine is emitting smoke you might think you need to replace the engine or vehicle. Not likely. If the engine is emitting blue or white smoke then it is probably burning oil. If it is emitting black smoke it is most likely a problem with a carburetor. If it is neither the carburetor nor an oil leak, then it might be the air filter. A plugged or dirty air filter can cause an engine to smoke. A knocking engine is a loud and obvious indicator that something is wrong with your small engine. If your engine experiences knocking it may indicate an excess of carbon in the combustion chamber, which would require you to clean carbon from the piston and head. The flywheel might also be loose, and should be replaced as needed. Another reason for engine knocks is a faulty spark plug lead, easily tested, repaired and replaced with the appropriate replacement kit. Speaking of spark plugs, a small engine might run poorly if the spark plug repeatedly misses under load. This could be caused by any number of things, including a faulty spark plug, faulty breaker points, an incorrectly set carburetor, or a weak valve spring. All these problems can be repaired at home with a specific repair kit. It may be tempting to simply buy a new small engine vehicle or tool when the engine starts to give you problems, but it is hardly cost-effective and doesnt guarantee you wont run into the same problems a few months down the road. Small engine replacement and repair kits are affordable, easy to use, come with the most advanced technology, and most are back by a warrantee. And with todays economy the way it is, buying a new vehicle when your engine experiences problems is silly. Fix the problem yourself with a detailed replacement kit. It just makes sense. Engine Problems Bad fuel mix A bad fuel mix can occur in several ways: †¢You are out of gas, so the engine is getting air but no fuel. †¢The air intake might be clogged, so there is fuel but not enough air. †¢The fuel system might be supplying too much or too little fuel to the mix, meaning  that combustion does not occur properly. †¢There might be an impurity in the fuel (like water in your gas tank) that makes the fuel not burn. Lack of compression If the charge of air and fuel cannot be compressed properly, the combustion process will not work like it should. Lack of compression might occur for these reasons: †¢Your piston rings are worn (allowing air/fuel to leak past the piston during compression). †¢The intake or exhaust valves are not sealing properly, again allowing a leak during compression. †¢There is a hole in the cylinder. The most common hole in a cylinder occurs where the top of the cylinder (holding the valves and spark plug and also known as the cylinder head) attaches to the cylinder itself. Generally, the cylinder and the cylinder head bolt together with a thin gasket pressed between them to ensure a good seal. If the gasket breaks down, small holes develop between the cylinder and the cylinder head, and these holes cause leaks. Lack of spark The spark might be nonexistent or weak for a number of reasons: †¢If your spark plug or the wire leading to it is worn out, the spark will be weak. †¢If the wire is cut or missing, or if the system that sends a spark down the wire is not working properly, there will be no spark. †¢If the spark occurs either too early or too late in the cycle (i.e. if the ignition timing is off), the fuel will not ignite at the right time, and this can cause all sorts of problems. Many other things can go wrong. For example: †¢If the battery is dead, you cannot turn over the engine to start it. †¢If the bearings that allow the crankshaft to turn freely are worn out, the crankshaft cannot turn so the engine cannot run. †¢If the valves do not open and close at the right time or at all, air cannot get in and exhaust cannot get out, so the engine cannot run. †¢If someone sticks a potato up your tailpipe, exhaust cannot exit the cylinder so the engine will not run. †¢If you run out of oil, the piston cannot move up and down freely in the cylinder, and the engine will seize. Small Engine Problems And Simple Solutions Failure to Start There are a number of reasons a small engine might not start properly: Fuel line problems: Check to see that the fuel tank is full, that the fuel is fresh, and that the shut-off valve is closed. The fuel line or inlet screen could also be blocked or the fuel tank cap could be clogged. Carburetor problems: The carburetor could be blocked or the engine could be flooded. There might be problems with the spark plug. Check the choke on the fuel bowl as well it could be set too high. Ignition problems: The spark plug contacts could be dirty, the plug gap could be set incorrectly, the lead could be faulty, or the kill switch could be shorted. These all require basic replacement or repair and are a snap with a proper kit. Compression problems: Check the valves, pistons, cylinder, or connecting rods if you suspect a compression problem. These could be dirty, stripped, or otherwise damaged, and would prevent the engine from starting properly or at all. Problems Running Problems running properly can pose more danger to your vehicle than an engine that simply wont start. If left unfixed, constant overheating or smoke emission can eventually ruin an engine and require a full-on replacement. Overheating engines: Lack of oil is one of the most common reasons for overheating. So is a dirty engine. Beyond that, there may be shrouds or cooling fans missing within the engine or the gasket could be leaking. The fuel mixture might be too lean, another carburetor problem. Cleaning or replacing the fuel tank vent and fuel tank screen can help reduce the chance of your engine overheating as well. These are all fixes that you can do yourself or with some simple repair kit that will cost far less than a new  engine. Smoking: If the engine is emitting blue or white smoke then it is likely burning oil. If it is emitting black smoke it is a problem with the carburetor most likely. If it is neither the carburetor nor an oil leak, then it might be a clogged or dirty air filter. Knocking engine: If your engine experiences knocking it may indicate an excess of carbon in the combustion chamber, which would require you to clean carbon from the piston and head. The flywheel might also be loose. A faulty spark plug lead could cause engine knocking. This can be easily repaired or replaced. Spark Plug Misses: This could be caused by any number of things, including a faulty spark plug, faulty breaker points, an incorrectly set carburetor, or a weak valve spring.

Immigration Reform Essay example -- Immigration US Policy

â€Å"We are nation of immigrants. Some came here willingly, some unwillingly. Nonetheless, we are immigrants, or the descendants of immigrants, one, and all. Even the natives came from somewhere else, originally. All of the people who come to this country come for freedom, or for some product of that extraordinary, illusory condition. That is what we offer here—freedom and opportunity in a land of relative plenty.† (Middletown Journal 2005) We have created the land of free. Nonetheless, there have been a number of Immigration Acts in the United States. The first one was the Naturalization act of 1790. Then the immigration act of 1965 passed, and immigration restrictions applied to Mexican Immigrants for the first time. Nearly 30 years later in 1986, the immigration Reform and Control Act was, created which granted amnesty to immigrants that had lived in the United States before 1982. Nevertheless, this later act made it a crime for employers to hire undocumented immigrant workers. In order to create a successful Immigration Reform Policy, the government has to consider several socioeconomic areas including border control, worker programs, education, and the economy. â€Å"All the elements of this problem must be addressed together† (Bush 2006) Who is controlling our borders? We must secure our borders to prevent illegal crossing. The United States recognizes illegal immigration, has been an issue for decades. Creating a successful Immigration reform policy will decrease illegal crossings. In addition, implementing more experienced Border control officers; will decrease the use of military personnel. In addition, allowing military personnel to secure our Nation not just the Mexican borders. The new policy will a... ...itehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/07/20060705-6.html Bush, President George (2006/06/15). President Bush Addresses the Nation on Immigration Reform Retrieved July 36, 2006, from Web site: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/07/20060515-6.html Bush, President George (2006/05/15). Fact Sheet: Overview Comprehensive Immigration Reform. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from Web site: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/05/20060515-7.html Civil Rights Org. (20060529) Senate Approves Sweeping But Flawed Immigration Reform Bill Retrieved July 31, 2006, from Web site: http://www.civilrights.org/issues/immigration/details.cfm?id=43795 Gale, Thomas. (June 8, 2006) Senate passes immigration reform bill with vouchers for ESL, civics classes In Report on Literacy Programs, 18, p75. Retrieved August 20, 2006, from InfoTrac OneFile via Thomson Gale:

Inner Journeys Essay

What extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in which we move from naivity to maturity. In this proccess we learn new things about ourself that help us grow and become wiser and better people. The texts cosi by louis Nowra, the film groudhog day and the poem the road not taken all depict journeys of the mind and spirit which open up a greater understanding of the sense of self. In cosi louis nowra presents the inner journey of lewis, a young first time director who is hired to direct a play to bring the inmates of an asylum ‘out of their shells ‘. At the begining of the play lewis is indecisive in his understanding of others, uncertain of his opinions and unconfident of his own abilies. Diresting cosi fan tutti with emotionally and mentally handicapped people is the catalysts for lewis’ own emotional and mental maturity. As a metaphor for the world the charred theatre represents the challenges that will confront lewis. The characterization of lewis is established by the realism that of his language when he initially states † i need the money. However this realism is threatened when both nick and lucy leave him alone to deal with the inmates. lewis’s growing fear and uncertainty is emphasized through Nowra’s stage directions. Gradually as lewis spends more time with the patients like when he like when he lies about cherry â€Å"thats why she spends so much time in the toilets in order to keep the production going he starts to see the value it has for them. Lewis also changes his attitude toward love and fidelity. This evident in the contrast when he says † loves not so important nowadays† to now saying â€Å"without love the world wouldn’t mean much†. Nowra uses the play within play within play structure to emphasize the importance of love and fidelity. The opera cosi fan tutti functions somewhat as a mimetic device as it becomes a reflection of lewis’ relationship with lucy and his realisation that fidelity is an essential part of love. The inner journey that allowed lewis to gain this insight has been a product of his relationship with the mental patients. Finally lewis develops personally as a a director. Initially conveyed as a timid character, evident as roy talks over him, he learns to control and direct as he gains the respect of the mental patients. The film groundhog day starring bill Murray show’s the Inner journey of Phill as he is trapped in a recurring day. Through the brilliance of the plot we can observe as he deals with his unique predicament. We see how he struggles to find meaning and purpose in life. Each day he experiments with new thoughts and behaviors and he learns what works and what doesn’t. Any change that occurs must be inside him because only he can change. All the other characters repaet eaxcly what they did the day before. This shines an intense light on Phils abilty to change himself. Over countless days he learns that what pleasure he thought would make him happy have failed to, and he has to accept his old self has completely run out of steam. From this he is forced to place all his attention on changing the way he interprets the world, on his personal reality by changing his attitudes, values thoughts and feelings. like lewis he literally recreates himself becoming a mature. loving and giving person. His journey proves that inner change is the key to personal growth and happiness. The road not taken by Robert frost uses a metaphor of traveling to explore our chooses in life. It depicts the difficulty of making choices available and presented to people. Frost traces the way we make decisions, enjoying the options life has to offer us yet he also acknowledges that we cannot realistically do everything that is presented to us. The first person perspective instantly brings the audience close to the experience being recounted. The use of ‘i’ establishes the personas personal dilemmas as his journey brings him to â€Å"two roads diverge in a yellow wood†. â€Å"Two roads† and yellow woods are metaphors for the choices he confronts. Rhyming creates a flow to the piece while the rhythm forces us to pause effective for thinking what the persona is contemplating. Stanza 1 shows that persona is ‘sorry i could not travel both’ roads and show that life’s journey requires chooses that exclude alternatives. The second stanza shows that the choice has been made. The use of the language â€Å"As just as Fair and † Perhaps suggests both roads are equal. However there is slight confusion of the personas choice, conveyed in ‘perhaps the better claim, really about the same’. At the time of his choice he believes it was a better claim than the other. Later he thinks there much the same. In the third stanza, the exclamation ‘ oh I kept the first for another day†! suggests the optimism of being able to retread ones steps and take life’s journey by a different route. But the use of the conjunction ‘yet’ he later says ‘ I doubted if i should ever come back’ which suggests that after taking one route, That’s the route he has to live by, it is a choice he has made in life. Finally in the last stanza the pause suggests regret. The persona is now not sure if he took the better route but this decision is one we have to make in life and we have to life with the consequences and hopefully learn from our past experiences. The poem suggests that inner journeys are irreversible and the choice we make define the person who we become and our understanding of life and the world. This idea is similar to lewis experience where his decision to direct Cosi fan tutti moulds him. Through a close analysis of the three texts Cosi, The film Ground hog day And the poem the road not taken by robert frost that convey the ideas that an inner journey forms as a response to life’s changes and particularly the climatic moments which force a spiritual, mental and emotional re-evaluation of values of priorities.